Welcome to Anatomy & Physiology II

1. Welcome to Anatomy & Physiology II Mr. Charles Martinez III, M.S. martinezc@stcecilia.edu

2. What will I learn? • The Human Body: An Orientation • The Muscular System • (muscular dystrophy/steroids) • The Nervous System (epilepsy and narcolepsy) • Special Senses (color blindness and accupuncture) • Blood and Cardiovascular System (aneurysms/stroke complications) • Respiratory System • Digestive System • The Endocrine System (Ebola virus)

3. The Human Body: An Orientation • Goals: • To verbally and visually describe the anatomical position. • To locate the three body planes and use correct anatomical terminology for directions associated with body planes. • To quickly overview and name major bones in preparation for the skeletal system. • To define terms associated with body movement, specifically: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, eversion/inversion.

4. The Human Body—An Orientation Anatomy • Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology • Study of how the body and its parts work or function

5. The Language of Anatomy • Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding • Exact terms are used for • Position • Direction • Regions • Structures

6. Directional Terms Table 1.1 (1 of 3)

7. Directional Terms Table 1.1 (2 of 3)

8. Directional Terms Table 1.1 (3 of 3)

9. Regional Terms • Anterior body landmarks Figure 1.5a

10. Regional Terms • Posterior body landmarks Figure 1.5b

11. Body Planes and Sections • A sagittal section divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts • A median, or midsagittal, section divides the body (or organ) into equal left and right parts • A frontal section divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts • A transverse, or cross, section divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts

12. Body Planes and Sections Figure 1.6

13. Review • Anatomical position • Body landmarks • Body planes/sections and directions • HW: Handout: draw the 3 body planes and list the directional terms associated with each plane. • Tomorrow: Bones overview and movement!

14. Bones Overview: How many can you name?

15. Bones Overview: How many can you name? Frontal Parietal Occipital Maxilla Mandible Clavicle Scapula Sternum Humerus Ribs Vertebrae Pelvic Radius Sacrum Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

16. Terms for Body Movement • Flexion • Extension

17. Terms for Body Movement • Flexion • -Decreases the angle of the joint • -Brings two bones closer together • -Typical of hinge joints like knee and elbow • Extension • -Opposite of flexion • -Increases the angle between two bones

18. Terms for Body Movement

19. Tools for Measuring Body Movement • Goniometer

20. Terms for Body Movement • Adduction • Abduction

21. Terms for Body Movement • Adduction • -Movement of a limb towards the midline • Abduction • -Movement of a limb away from the midline • Circumduction

22. Terms for Body Movement • Inversion • Eversion

23. Terms for Body Movement • Inversion • -Medial movement of plantar aspect of foot • Eversion • -Lateral movement of plantar aspect of foot

24. Frontal Parietal Occipital Maxilla Mandible Clavicle Scapula Sternum Humerus Ribs Vertebrae Pelvic Radius Sacrum Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges