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Chapter Two: Alcohol and the Body

Chapter Two: Alcohol and the Body. points to consider. How alcohol is absorbed How alcohol is metabolized Alcohol’s immediate effects Factors influencing alcohol’s effects. absorption of alcohol. Small amount absorbed in mouth Stomach first pass metabolism

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Chapter Two: Alcohol and the Body

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  1. Chapter Two: Alcohol and the Body

  2. points to consider • How alcohol is absorbed • How alcohol is metabolized • Alcohol’s immediate effects • Factors influencing alcohol’s effects

  3. absorption of alcohol • Small amount absorbed in mouth • Stomach • first pass metabolism • passage from stomach via pylorus valve • Small intestine • absorbed into bloodstream • distributed throughout body

  4. factors influencing absorption • Concentration of alcohol • Stomach contents – food impedes passage of alcohol • Carbonation of beverage – carbonation speeds absorption

  5. determinants of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) • Amount consumed • Size of individual • Genders • proportion of body fat • first pass metabolism

  6. Elimination removal unchanged small amounts exit body via breathe, urine, sweat Metabolism broken down in body for removal liver, key organ type of by-products formedsignificant factor elimination & metabolism

  7. metabolic process alcohol acetaldehyde acetic acid carbon dioxide water + +

  8. caveats on metabolism • Set rate • 1 “drink” per hour • cannot be hastened • Alcohol metabolism impedes other liver functions • Liver involved in metabolism of drugs • contributes to many alcohol-drug interactions

  9. Many organ systems affected by alcohol GI system Kidneys Liver Central nervous system acute effects of alcohol Definition: Acute effects are the immediate effects

  10. Organ most sensitive to alcohol’s effects, brain Depressant drug Effects structure of nerve cells and neurotransmitters Degree of impairment is dose-related Key measure: Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) Different parts of brain are differentially impaired by presence of alcohol affects of alcohol on CNS

  11. BAC-related impairment

  12. consumption and BAC # drinks 160 lb. male120 lb. female per hourBAC BAC 1 0.02 0.04 2 1/2 0.05 0.10* 5 0.10 0.21 10 0.20 0.42 15 0.30 — 20 0.40 [over 0.4 risk of coma/death]

  13. overdose and toxicity • Loss of consciousnessBAC 0.40 - 0.50 • Narrow window between dose that induces coma and a lethal dose • Death BAC 0.50 - 0.70 equivalent to a fifth of 86 proof whiskey in an hour

  14. Compared to men, women have higher % body fat ( alcohol is not fat soluble) lower % water in body less gastric ADH(all alcohol passes intosmall intestine) Therefore — if same weight and if consume equal amountsa woman will have approximately 25% higher BAC gender differences

  15. tolerance • Not only associated with chronic use • Result of CNS adaptation to alcohol • Impairment greater as alcohol level rises

  16. other types of alcohol • Beverage alcohol also called ethanol or ethyl alcohol • Non-beverage alcohol • wood alcohol = methanol = methyl alcohol • rubbing alcohol = isopropyl • Danger of non-beverage alcohol • by-products formed when metabolized

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