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Identifying Life

Identifying Life. DNA Barcode:. short sequence enabling species discrimination. DNA for Biodiversity Analysis. Animals 1 Fungi 1? Protists 1?. KEY EDICTS: Standardization and minimalism. Base ID system upon as few genes as possible. Archaea > 1 Bacteria > 1

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Identifying Life

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  1. Identifying Life

  2. DNA Barcode: short sequence enabling species discrimination

  3. DNA for Biodiversity Analysis Animals 1 Fungi 1? Protists 1? KEY EDICTS:Standardizationand minimalism. Base ID system upon as few genes as possible. • Archaea > 1 • Bacteria > 1 • Plants > 1

  4. COI and the Kingdom Animalia

  5. COI COI The Mitochondrial Genome Small ribosomal RNA D-Loop Large ribosomal RNA Cytochrome b Cytochrome b ND1 ND6 ND5 ND2 H-strand L-strand ND4 ND4L COII ND3 COIII ATPase subunit 8 ATPase subunit 6

  6. n = 13320 Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes Cnidaria 1.0 1.0 n = 17 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Proportion of Species Pairs 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 2 4 8 16 32 64 2 4 8 16 32 64 % Sequence Divergence in COI

  7. Sensitivity analysis on large phyla

  8. Sensitivity Analyses Rates of Evolution G + C (3rd position) .00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6x 7x 8x 9x 10x Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Ephemeroptera Ephemeroptera .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x Aves Aves Mammals Mammals Osteichthyes Osteichthyes

  9. Bird Identification through DNA barcodes

  10. Birds of North America

  11. Barcoding Animals (10M species) • Effective in varied geographic settings • Effective in varied taxonomic groups • >>99.99% resolution

  12. Barcode Repository (10 000 data pits)

  13. Automating Species Discovery: Moths

  14. Automating Species Discovery: Bees Guelph Nova Scotia

  15. Barcode of Life Database (BoLD) 10 million species files, 50 million specimen files

  16. A Field Guide for the Third Millennium

  17. Global Bio-ID System Evolutionary Rules Conserving Life Bio-Management

  18. Tissue Sample CO1-5’ Extract DNA PCR COI Sequence COI

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