K= 1600 Cyclotron design team

1. Design of a K=1600 SC cyclotron for Carbon therapyECPM NiceNovember 2 2006Yves JongenFounder & CRO Ion Beam ApplicationsBelgium

2. K= 1600 Cyclotron design team • JINR Dubna (Russia): G. Shirkov, E. Syresin, G. Karamysheva, N. Morozov, E. Samsonov, S. Kostromin, V. Alexandrov, N. Kazarinov • IBA Louvain la Neuve (Belgium): D. Vandeplassche, W. Beeckman, W. Kleeven, S. Zaremba, M. Abs, A. Blondin

3. The market of PT is rapidly expanding! • Over the last decade, and excluding 2006, 14 proton therapy systems (average 1.4 / year) and one carbon therapy system have been ordered to industry • Two carbon therapy systems are under construction by national laboratories • In 2006 only, 4 to 6 proton therapy systems will be ordered to industry

4. IBA is today the market leader in PT Siemens Optivus Mitsubishi 0 0 1 Accel 2 Hitachi IBA 3 9

5. Essen, Germany Seoul, Korea Beijing, China MGH Boston Kashiwa, Japan (with SHI) MPRI Wan Jie, China UPHS (UPENN) Hampton Univ. of Florida IBA Particle Therapy Partners

6. Cyclotrons for Carbon therapy? • In 1991, when IBA entered in PT, the consensus was that the best accelerator for PT was a synchrotron • IBA introduced a very effective cyclotron design, and today the majority of PT centers use the cyclotron technology • Over these 15 years, users came to appreciate the advantages of cyclotrons: • Simplicity • Reliability • Lower cost and size • But, most importantly, the ability to modulate rapidly and accurately the proton beam current

7. Beam current command & feedback

8. In less space and cost than a synchrotron: a two cyclotrons phased approach

9. The IBA proton-carbon facility Proton/Carbon Gantry Room 1 Accelerator 230 MeV Proton Gantry Room FBR Proton/Carbon Gantry Room 2 Accelerator 400 MeV ESS Research lines

10. The IBA Carbon cyclotron design • Superconducting isochronous cyclotron, accelerating Q/M = 1/2 ions to 400 MeV/U (H2 +, Alphas, Li6 3+, B10 5+, C12 6+, N14 7+, 016 8+, Ne20 10+) • Design very similar to IBA PT cyclotron, but with higher magnetic field thanks to superconducting coils, and increased diameter (6.3 m vs. 4.7 m)

11. Engineering view of the 400 MeV/u cyclotron

12. Final TOSCA model

13. Elliptical gap

14. Azimuthal field distribution

15. Superconducting coils • Uses low current density (85 A/mm²) Ni-Ti standard cable from MRI systems • Stored energy 65.2 MJ • Peak field on the conductor: 5.26 T: 3 °K of temperature margin • 170 A, 130 minutes charging time at 100 V • Cooling by helium loop, with 4 external 3 stages 1.5 W recondensers (RDK 415 C from Sumitomo)

16. H2+ to Alphas correction coils

17. Resonances at the end of acceleration

18. Study of 3 Qr = 4 resonance Ar initial =1 mm Ar initial=3 mm Ar initial =2 mm Ar initial=4 mm

19. Resonances in the K=1600 (1 to 8)

20. Resonances in the K=1600 (9 to 17)

21. The RF system • The cyclotron will have two 45° dees, operating on the 4th harmonic mode at 76 MHz (lambda/4 = 98.7 cm) • Each dee will be supported by 2 flat pillars and 2 circular pillars in a half-wave resonator. • Each cavity is powered by a 76 MHz, 100 kW tetrode based amplifier (as used in the current C230) • The dee voltage increases from 100 kV at center to 210 kV at extraction, resulting in an average of 600 kV/turn

22. Layout of RF cavity

23. Four ion sources allow quick change of ion Carbon 6+ source Proton (H2 +) source Helium 2+ (alphas) source Spare & research source, switchable to: Li, B, N, O, Ne

24. Supernanogan ion source from Pantechnik

25. The spiral inflector k’=0.1; E=20kV/cm

26. Central trajectories

27. Extraction • One ESD located in the valley (47° long) • Field 170 kV/cm • Two magnetostatic gradient correctors • One permanent magnets quadrupole • Extraction of H2+ by stripping

28. Extraction path after ESD

29. Extraction optics

30. Proton extraction by stripping of H2+

31. Agreement with INFN on Catania cyclotron

32. Thank you!