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Intelligence

Intelligence . 5 parts to intelligence . Objectives the student will. Define intelligence Trace the steps of the I.Q. test and show the Formula Describe culture affects and the stereo type threat

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Intelligence

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  1. Intelligence 5 parts to intelligence

  2. Objectives the student will • Define intelligence • Trace the steps of the I.Q. test and show the Formula • Describe culture affects and the stereo type threat • Create the graphic organizer with Sternberg's intelligence theory Gardner’s theory

  3. Old measuring • 4,000 years ago: • China gives an oral examination, every 3 years, to civil service employees. • Ask questions about laws and procedures • Written test later • U.S./ England adopt testing procedures

  4. Core Concept • Intelligence testing has a history of controversy, but most psychologists now view intelligence as a normally distributed trait that can be measured by performance on a variety of tasks- both verbal and non-verbal

  5. chapter 7 Defining intelligence Intelligence An inferred characteristic of an individual, usually defined as the ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment g factor A general intellectual ability assumed by many theorists to underlie specific mental abilities and talents

  6. chapter 7 Psychometrics The measurement of mental abilities, traits, and processes

  7. chapter 7 The psychometric approach IQ scores distributed normally Bell-shaped curve Very high and very low scores are rare. 68% of people have IQ scores between 85 and 115. 99.7% between 55 and 145

  8. Binet and Simon Invent a School abilities test • Binet ( Bi-NAY) And Simon- 1904 • France wants to school every child- need to find out who needs help. B/S get job • Give 30 question test= success

  9. chapter 7 The invention of IQ tests Binet believed we should measure a child’s mental age. Binet and Simon developed a test which measured memory, vocabulary, and perceptual discrimination. Mental age was divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100 to get an intelligence quotient. Now IQ scores are derived from norms provided for standardized intelligence tests.

  10. Components to test= 4 • Score test on current performance • Used to identify special help NOT bright or dull • Said Training and opportunity affects intelligence • Used EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, Based on how children performed

  11. Sample Questions for Binet • Name objects in a picture • Repeat a 15 word sentence given by the instructor • Give a word that rhymes with spoken word • Comply with simple commands

  12. 30 parts to test • "Le Regard" • Prehension Provoked by a Tactile Stimulus • Prehension Provoked by a Visual Perception • Recognition of Food • Immediate Comparison of Two Lines of Unequal Lengths

  13. 6-10 • Quest of Food Complicated by a Slight Mechanical Difficulty • Execution of Simple Commands and Imitation of Simple Gestures • Verbal Knowledge of Objects • Verbal Knowledge of Pictures • Naming of Designated Objects

  14. 11-15 • Synthesis of Three Words in One Sentence • Reply to an Abstract Question • Reversal of the Hands of a Clock • Paper Cutting • Definitions of Abstract Terms

  15. 16-20 • Comparison of Lengths • Five Weights to be Placed in Order • Gap in Weights • Exercise upon Rhymes • Verbal Gaps to be Filled

  16. 21-25 • Comparison of Known Objects from Memory • Exercise of Memory on Pictures • Drawing a Design from Memory • Immediate Repetition of Figures • Resemblances of Several Known Objects Given from Memory

  17. 26-30 • Repetition of Three Figures • Comparison of Two Weights • Suggestibility • Verbal Definition of Known Objects • Repetition of Sentences of Fifteen Words

  18. Results of Test • Average age of Child computed • Scores compared to averages for children of various ages • Scores expressed in Mental Age (ME), average age where particular students score. • Measured against Chronological age ( CA) • X’s 100 to eliminate decimals

  19. Formula

  20. American Psychologists Borrow S/B ideas • U.S. takes test; Called IQ test • Brought in by Lewis Terman (Stanford) • Modify scoring procedures • Expands test content • Tests adults • Reasons for testing in U.S.- Lot of immigrants, all children will be schooled, Military intelligence

  21. Formula/ Today • IQ= mental age divided by Chronological Age x 100 • For example child 8 years old (CA)/ 10 (ME)= 1.25 x 100=125 IQ

  22. chapter 7 Wechsler tests performance tasks

  23. chapter 7 Can IQ tests be culture free? Attempts to make IQ tests culture fair or culture free have backfired because different cultures have different problem-solving strategies. Culture affects a person’s. . . Attitude toward exams Comfort in settings required for testing Motivation Rapport with test provider Competitiveness Ease of independent problem solving

  24. chapter 7 Expectations and IQ Scores are affected by expectations for performance Expectations are shaped by stereotypes Stereotype threat Burden of doubt one feels about his/her performance due to negative stereotypes about his/her group Stereotype threat affects African-Americans, Latinos/Latinas, low-income people, women, and the elderly.

  25. chapter 7 Stereotype threat

  26. chapter 7 Sternberg’s triarchic theory Componential (analytic) Comparing, analyzing, and evaluating This type of process correlates best with IQ Experiential (creative) Inventing solution to new problems Transfer skills to new situations Contextual (practical) Applying the things you know to everyday contexts

  27. chapter 7 Domains of intelligence Emotional intelligence Ability to identify your own and other people’s emotions accurately Ability to express your emotions clearly Ability to manage emotions in self and others Appears to be biologically based (Damasio, 1994)

  28. Howard Gardner’s theory of intelligence • Musical aptitude • Kinesthetic (body grace, body awareness) • Insight into yourself • Others • Natural world • Understanding yourself and others= emotional intelligence • Math • Verbal

  29. Mental Retardation • Mental Retardation- practical abilities to get along in the real world • No mention of IQ • Causes: Genetics (down syndrome), Environment (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) • Dealing with M.R.- Special education, pregnancy care services, diet

  30. Gifted • Top 1-2 %- I.Q. score 30 points above average • Lewis Terman completes study of G.K. • Excel in school, good health, happy • Studied 1528 students • 2000 Scientific articles, patented 235 inventions, wrote 92 books

  31. summary • I.Q. test- explain • Sternbergs tri theory, analyze

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