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Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S.

Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S. Delivering Health Care, Part 2. Lecture d.

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Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S.

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  1. Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S. Delivering Health Care, Part 2 Lecture d This material (Comp 1 Unit 3) was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 90WT0001. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.

  2. Delivering Health care, Part 2Learning Objectives • Describe the organization of clinical health care delivery in the outpatient setting, and the organization of outpatient health care (Lectures a-c) • Describe the organization of ancillary health care delivery in the outpatient setting (Lecture d) • Discuss the role of different health care providers, with an emphasis on the delivery of care in an interdisciplinary setting (Lecture e)

  3. Outpatient Laboratories • Facility where laboratory tests are performed on clinical specimens • May be associated with a hospital or be freestanding • Testing may be done in a location remote to the location where specimen was obtained

  4. Laboratory Pathology - 1 • Anatomical Pathology • Histopathology: Study of whole tissues • Cytopathology: At the cellular level • Electron microscopic pathology • Surgical Pathology • Chemical pathology (clinical chemistry) • General chemistry • Endocrinology • Immunology • Toxicology

  5. Laboratory Pathology - 2 • Hematopathology • Diseases of blood cells • Traditional microscopy • Immunohistochemistry • Flow cytometry • Molecular diagnostic tests • Blood banking - Transfusion medicine • Cytogenetics

  6. Laboratory Pathology - 3 • Clinical microbiology – study of microorganisms • The lab may use culture methods to grow and identify organisms • Forensic pathology • Specialized laboratory for medical and legal issues • Molecular pathology • Development of molecular and genetic approaches to the diagnosis and classification of human tumors • Design and validation of predictive biomarkers

  7. Radiology Services - 1 • Branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose or treat diseases • Radiologists – physicians who specialize in radiology • Outpatient radiology services may be housed within a hospital or may be freestanding

  8. Radiology Services - 2 • First X-ray • Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895 • Wilhelm’s wife’s hand • Termed diagnostic radiology when they help diagnose diseases 1.1 Image: (Röntgen, 1895)

  9. Radiology Services - 3 • Diagnostic radiology • Computerized Tomography (CT) scans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans • Ultrasound • Mammography • Bone density tests • Nuclear medicine tests

  10. Radiology Services - 4 • Interventional radiology • Invasive tests • Angiography • Teleradiology allows radiologists to review images remotely • Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) - facilitate archival and retrieval of images • DICOM – Standard for medical images

  11. Ancillary Services - 1 • Home health care • Care provided at the patient’s home • Physician house calls • Nurse visits • Home health aides • Help with activities of daily living (ADLs)

  12. Ancillary Services - 2 • Hospice care • For terminally ill patients whose life expectancy is not expected to exceed 6 months • Palliative care outside the hospital • At hospice institutions • At home • Multidisciplinary team for care

  13. Ancillary Services - 3 • Physical therapy • Maintains function after injury or illness • Occupational therapy • Helps patients maintain occupation • Speech therapy • Helps patients recover from diseases that affect speech • Care provided by ancillary staff

  14. Delivering Health Care, Part 2Summary – Lecture d • Laboratory services • Pathology services • Radiology services • Ancillary services

  15. Delivering Health Care, Part 2References – Lecture d References Röntgen, Wilhelm (1895); Picture of first X-ray taken of his wife's hand. The bones and her ring can be seen, similar to modern x-rays.http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/30693/title/The-First-X-ray--1895/. Accessed January 20, 2017. Images 1.1 Image of first X-ray taken by Wilhelm Rontgen in 1895, of his wife's hand. The bones and her ring can be seen, similar to modern x-rays. http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/30693/title/The-First-X-ray--1895/. Accessed January 20, 2017.

  16. Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S.Delivering Health Care, Part 2Lecture d This material was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 90WT0001.

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