Chapter 8 and 9 Unit Test Populations

1. Chapter 8 and 9 Unit TestPopulations

2. If the birth rate in country “A” declines from its current level, how might the population change over time? a. the population growth will begin to slow b. the population growth will begin to increase c. the population growth will stabilize d. the population growth will rapidly decrease 10

3. What problems are typically associated with the growth pattern seen in country “B”? a. shortage of fuelwood b. contaminated water supplies c. lack of arable land d. all of the above 10

4. What are the growth patterns shown in the above population pyramids for countries “A” and “B”? a. country A has high death rate early and long life expectancy b. country B has low death rate early and life expectancy of 50 years c. country B has high death rate and little life expectancy d. country A has low death rate and little life expectancy 10

5. Populations are growing more rapidly in • Mexico • US • Europe • Ohio 10

6. Less-developed countries suffer more from rapid population growth because they are less likely to have the _____ to support the population. • fertility rates • infrastructure • cultural values • family-planning methods 10

7. Which of the following would not cause population to decrease in a region? • increased immigration • decreased fertility rates • increased emigration • decreased survivorship 10

8. Scientists predict population sizes by using • age structure • survivorship • fertility rate, and migration. • All of the above 10

9. Countries with high growth rates usually have an age structure that has • an even distribution over all ages. • more older people than young people. • more younger people than older people. • more middle-aged people than younger people. 10

10. During Stage 2 of a population’s demographic transition, the death rate • increases. • remains the same. • decreases. • is zero. 10

11. Countries that have entered the third stage of demographic transition are most probably characterized by • weak or developing economies. • death rates that far exceed birth rates. • social conditions that favor smaller families. • populations with a high proportion of young people. 10

12. Between 1880 and 1930 human population doubled due to • the Industrial revolution. • a combination of high birth rates and low death rates. • improvements in societal infrastructure and services. • All of the above 10

13. Which of the following is true of human demographic trends? • In preindustrial societies, birth rates are low, and the population grows rapidly. • When the average number of children born to each woman falls, the total population always increases. • When birth rates and death rates are both high, the population grows slowly, if at all. • Death rates rise in the third stage of the demographic transition. 10

14. Which of the following makes it difficult to reduce population growth? • High literacy rates result in women wanting to have more children. • Population sizes will not decline until some people start having to do without food and other necessities of life. • Many people live in cities, where large families are an advantage. • Many people have low literacy and limited access to healthcare. 10

15. Growth rates for different parts of the world vary depending on the level of development of the region. Which region is experiencing the biggest increase in population? • Europe • Asia • North America • Australia 10

16. Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will • soon stabilize at the level it is today—about 6 billion. • begin to decrease until it reaches 5 billion. • increase for a short time and then decrease to current levels. • stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050. 10

17. Educating women worldwide has lowered birthrates partly because • educated women need to bear many children to ensure that some will survive. • educated women may learn family-planning techniques. • educated women contribute less to their family income. • None of the above 10

18. Which factor contributed most to the exponential growth of the human population? • more food, better hygiene • higher fertility rates • higher birth rates • increased immigration 10

19. Professionals who study and make predictions about human populations are called • stenographers. • geologists. • demographers. • populists. 10

20. The difference between a predator and a parasite is that a predator • usually kills and eats its prey. • lives in or on a host. • benefits from another organism. • harms another organism. 10

21. Competition for food cannot occur • between two populations. • among members of the same population. • among populations whose niches overlap. • between animals from two different ecosystems. 10

22. Which of the following statements is correct? • An organism’s niche is only the part of its habitat that it eats. • An organism’s habitat is a location. • Habitat and niche are the same thing. • An organism’s niche is outside its habitat. 10

23. Which of the following is one of the main properties used to describe a population? • number of individuals • number of species • color of individuals • kind of adaptations 10

24. Which of the following statements explains why the growth of orchids on the high branches of tropical trees is an example of commensalism? • The orchids draw nourishment from the trees. • The trees are neither benefited nor harmed. • The orchids keep parasites away. • The trees receive nutrients from the orchids. 10

25. The carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species at a particular time is determined by the • number of individuals in the species. • reproductive potential of the species. • distribution of the population. • supply of the most limited resources. 10

26. Which of the following has the greatest effect on reproductive potential? • producing more offspring at a time • having a longer life span • reproducing more often • reproducing earlier in life 10

27. If over a long period of time, each pair of adults in a population had only two offspring and the offspring lived to reproduce, the population would • grow. • remain the same. • shrink. • disperse randomly. 10

28. The number of wild cows per square kilometer in a prairie is the horse populations • density. • size. • dispersion. • birth rate. 10

29. A species of plant has exponential growth after it is introduced into an area where it has never lived. Which statement best describes exponential growth? • Each individual plant grows much larger than usual. • The population immediately decreases. • Within a few years the population increases dramatically. • The species’ reproductive potential declines. 10

30. Which of the following would most likely cause a large number of density-independent deaths in a population? • winter storms • predators • disease-carrying insects • limited resources 10

31. Which of the following populations has a random or pattern less dispersion? • flock of flamingoes • herd of bison • pine trees in a pine forest • solitary snakes in a desert 10

32. The density of a population is • the number of individuals born every year. • the proportion of males and females. • the number of individuals living in cities. • the number of individuals per unit area. 10