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Traumatic Brain Injuries

Traumatic Brain Injuries. Hannah Student, Ryan Hennessey, Ryan Lawrence. Definition of TBI:. A traumatic brain injury occurs when an external mechanical force causes brain dysfunction. WE NEED FOUR VOLUNTEERS! . TBI- Causes.

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Traumatic Brain Injuries

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  1. Traumatic Brain Injuries Hannah Student, Ryan Hennessey, Ryan Lawrence

  2. Definition of TBI: • A traumatic brain injury occurs when an external mechanical force causes brain dysfunction.

  3. WE NEED FOUR VOLUNTEERS!

  4. TBI- Causes -Any physical trauma that is directed at the head can cause a Traumatic Brain Injury. -Most injuries that penetrate the skull and affect brain tissue are the cause of TBIs.

  5. Primary Causes

  6. Who Is At Risk? -On average, each year 1.7 million people sustain some sort of TBI -Approximately 18% of all TBI related emergency room visits involve children aged 0-4 -Approximately 22% of all TBI hospitalizations involved adults aged 75 years and older -59% of TBIs happen to males

  7. Types of TBI • Closed injury: This type of TBI occurs when the brain moves, shifts around, inside the skull without penetration • Penetrating injury: This type of TBI occurs when an object actually enters the skull. CDC

  8. Concussions: What is a concussion? -Children and Teens are more likely to get a concussions than adults and take longer to recover from them -Falls, Sports and Motor Vehicles are the the largest contributors to TBI's amongst kids and students -A more serious concussion, can lead to consequences involving movement, speaking or learning. Web MD

  9. Concussions in Sports -Annually, 173,285 sports and recreation related TBIs, including concussions, are reported amongst kids aged 0-19 -During the last decade, emergency room visits for sports related incidents in children increased by 60% -Football, Basketball, Soccer, Bicycling, and Playground Activities are common activities where concussions can occur

  10. Symptoms of Concussions Student is/has: • Unable to concentrate for very long • Can't recall new information • Terrible headaches • Blurry vision • Dizziness • Sensitivity to light or noise • More emotional than usual • Anisocoria

  11. Shaken Baby Syndrome -Triad of symptoms including: -Subdural Hematoma -Retinal Hemorrhage -Cerebral Oedema -Can be caused by direct blows to the head, dropping or throwing a child, or shaking a child. -Often fatal and a primary cause of brain damage amongst infants. -

  12. Shaken Baby Syndrome Con't -Because the anatomy of infants puts them at particular risk for injury from this kind of action, the majority of victims are infants younger than 1 year old. -SBS often causes irreversible damage. In the worst cases, children die due to their injuries. -The children that survive often exhibit symptoms identical, if not worse than children with TBI's.

  13. Penetrating TBI's

  14. NEUROPLASTICITY! • TBI as a developing disability • Can we accurately predict a child's recovery?

  15. Traumatic Brain Injury

  16. How doctors test for Concussions or TBI's • CT Scan • MRI • Extensive list of questions or activities • Blood Tests • Angiogram • ICP Monitor • EEG

  17. How to Measure Functioning Ability of the Patient • Disability Rating Scale • Functional Independent Measurement • Functional Assessment Measurement • Glasgow Coma Scale

  18. Characteristics of recovering TBI patients. _If the child has partial or complete paralysis _If the child has serious physical damage to their head _If the child is often dizzy and tired _If a child's motor skills are not functioning as usual _If the child has memory or attention problems _If a child's senses have been impaired

  19. Lasting effects of a TBI • Memory • Vision • Depression • Paralysis • Damaged motor skills • Headaches Short Term Memory Loss

  20. As a teacher, how can you recognize a student with TBI? -If a child is depressed or anti-social -If a child is sensitive to light or sound -If a child's academic performance suddenly falls far behind other students -If a child has trouble maintaining balance -If a child was absent from school for an extended amount of time for a hospital stay

  21. Is an IEP or 504 necessary?

  22. REMINDER! A child who suffered a traumatic brain injury, is not technically/medically similar to a child with a learning disorder. A child who has suffered a TBI is in a different category than those with a learning disability. However, they may exhibit the same characteristics and will benefit from the same learning/teaching strategies

  23. How to create a compatible learning environment for TBI students Minimize stimulation Space between desks Small groups Consistent Written Schedule "Classroom buddy"

  24. Learning strategies for TBI children • Verbal/written instructions • Shorter assignments • Facilitate note-taking with specific headings • Short & frequent quizzes • Cues for catching/keeping their attention

  25. what did you learn about TBI's that you didn't know before?

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