Washington Heads the New Government

1. Washington Heads the New Government Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School

2. Key objectives • Explain how the United States confronted the difficult task of forming a new government. • Show how the political ideas of Hamilton and Jefferson differed. • Describe how political differences evolved into a two-party system.

3. 1788 Election • Washington defeated 11 opponents • Swept electoral college

4. Washington Shaped Executive Branch • VP-John Adams • GW chose America’s Best/Brightest for cabinet • Sec. of State-Thomas Jefferson • Sec. of Treasury-Alexander Hamilton • Sec. of War-Henry Knox • Attorney General-Edmund Randolph

5. What were their backgrounds?

6. What were their backgrounds?

7. Jefferson Power belonged to the states and the people REPUBLICANISM Hamilton Power belonged with a strong central government FEDERALISM The power of the federal government...

8. Jefferson “The Common Man” Farmers Hamilton The elite and the educated business man Whose interests should the federal government represent?

9. Jefferson Should only included money owed by the Continental Congress, and not state debts Hamilton Should include state debts, and all states should pay it off equally The National Debt

10. Jefferson Based on agriculture Hamilton Based on trade and business The U.S. economy...

11. Jefferson “Strict” interpretation Hamilton “Loose” interpretation The U.S. Constitution...

12. “A national debt, if it is not excessive, will be to us a national blessing.” Hamilton on “assuming the national debt”

13. “When a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property.” “I was duped ... by the Secretary of the treasury [Alexander Hamilton], and made a fool for forwarding his schemes, not then sufficiently understood by me; and of all the errors of my political life, this has occasioned the deepest regret.” Jefferson on “assuming the national debt”

14. The Bank of the United States (BUS) • Paid for by the government and private investors. • Tax receipts • Paper $$$ • Hamilton wanted to get the wealthy involved in American politics • Split the politics of the United States

15. The beginning of America’s 2 party system of government: Republicans Federalists Followers of Jefferson Followers of Hamilton and Washington

16. ?

17. Domestic Policy • Judiciary Act of 1789 • Attorney General • Federal court system • District courts-general trials • Appelate court-geographically based • Supreme Court Appointments • John Jay-Chief Justice • James Wilson • William Cushing • John Blair • John Rutledge

18. Domestic Policy • Northwest Indian War (1790-1795) • Continued issues since Rev. • Ohio & Indiana areas of NW Territory • Western Lakes Confederacy • the Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Chippewa, Iroquois, Sauk, and Fox • Little Turtle, Tecumseh, Blue Jacket • High casualties among Americans • Gen. “Mad Anthony” Wayne • Quick rout • Treaty of Greenville & Jay’s Treaty

19. Economic Policy • Whiskey Rebellion 1791-94 • Excise tax on liquor-W. PA farmer’s revolted • Militia Law, 1792 • Aug. 7, 1794-Washington commanded 13,000 troops to stop rebellion • Arrested then pardoned tax offenders • Hamilton’s Economic Program • Assume state debts, National Bank & currency, encourage industry

20. Foreign Policy • July 14, 1789-French Revolution erupted • Help French?-Francophiles • Citizen Genêt • Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793 • Neutrality Act, 1794 • Anglophiles??? • GB remained in NW Territory • Naval Act, 1794-6 warships • Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795 • Treaty of Tripoli, 1796

21. Washington’s Farewell Address

22. Farewell Address • Dangers of Sectionalism • Dangers of Political Parties • Dangers of Entangling Alliances

23. Cabinet upon leaving office • State: Timothy Pickering (3rd S. of. S.) • Treasury: Oliver Wolcott (2nd) • War: James McHenry (3rd) • Att. General: Charles Lee (3rd)

24. The Adams Administration

25. Election of 1796 • Adams def. Jefferson: 71-68 electoral votes • Jefferson=VP • Sectionalist vote

26. Foreign Policy • Issues: • British seizing American ships in Caribean • French attacking American ships headed to England

27. Policy with France • French upset over Jay’s Treaty • XYZ Affair-”Millions for defense, not a cent for tribute” • Quasi War-1798-99 • Completed 6 frigates approved in 1794 • Treaty of Mortefontaine

28. Domestic Policy • Alien & Sedition Acts-1798 • Recent immigants=active Republicans • Anti-administration??? • The Naturalization Act • The Alien Act • The Alien Enemies Act • The Sedition Act

29. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions • State opposition to Alien & Sedition Acts • Violation of 1st Amendment • Jefferson (KY) & Madison (VA) • Passed by state legislatures • Kentucky Resolution • Principle of Nullification

30. Reviewing the Key Ideas of Adams’ time in office

31. Election of 1800-Mudslinging Against Adams Against Jefferson Atheist Franco-phile Revolutionary adulterer • Tool of the rich • Anglophile • monarchist

32. Issues, election of 1800

33. Results Election Results 12th Amdendment • Federalist HofR broke tie in 1801 • Hamilton supported Jefferson over Burr

34. Judiciary Act of 1801 • Lame duck period • Passed 19 days before Adams left office • 16 new federal positions • Packed federal courts with Federalists