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Exploring Cell Organelles: The Building Blocks of Life

Delve into the fascinating world of cell organelles, the specialized structures that perform specific functions within cells. From the nucleus as the control center to the energy production in mitochondria, learn about their roles in cellular activities. Understand the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and discover the unique functions of organelles such as ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplasts. Explore the importance of cell membranes and how they regulate the flow of substances in and out of the cell. This insightful journey will enhance your knowledge of the fundamental units of life.

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Exploring Cell Organelles: The Building Blocks of Life

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  1. Cell Organelles Unit 2: Cells Ch. 7-2

  2. Let’s Review! • Two cell types • Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic Cells) • Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic Cells)

  3. Prokaryotes - Bacteria • No Nucleus • No Membrane bound organelles.

  4. Eukaryotes Nucleus • Have a nucleus • Have membrane bound organelles

  5. Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells • Animal Cell • Plant Cell • Both cells function similarly

  6. Cell Organelles • Organelle = “little organs” • Specialized structures that perform specific jobs in the cell • Found only in eukaryotic cells • Many are “membrane-bound”(a membrane surrounds the organelle) • Cytosol: watery matrix that organelles float in • Cytoplasm: Everything in a cell except the nucleus

  7. Cell Membrane • Surrounds the cell and decides what comes in and out • Semi-permeable: allows nutrients in and waste products out • Made of a phospholipid bilayer • Also called Plasma Membrane

  8. Factory Part: • Gates or Doors • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells • Prokaryotic cells

  9. Nucleus • Control center of the cell • Stores DNA (chromosomes) • Surrounded by the nuclear membrane • Pores let material in and out • Also contains the Nucleolus, which makes ribosomes

  10. Factory Part: • Manager’s Office • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells

  11. Ribosome • Smallest organelle • NOT surrounded by a membrane • Makes proteins according to DNA instructions. • Two Types: • Free ribosomes: float free in cytosol • Bound ribosomes: attached to rough ER

  12. Factory Part: • Machines • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells • Prokaryotic cells

  13. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Transport system for materials in cell • Two Types: • Rough ER: covered with ribosomes; site of protein synthesis • Smooth ER: NO ribosomes; it makes hormones & lipids

  14. Factory Part: • Conveyor Belts • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells

  15. Golgi Apparatus • Delivery system of the cell • Collects, modifies, and packages molecules in the cell • Distributes and transports molecules in vesicles

  16. Factory Part: • Post office or Mail Room • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells

  17. Lysosomes • Trash Disposal of the cell • Contain digestive enzymes that break down waste

  18. Factory Part: • Janitors • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells

  19. Mitochondria • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Site of cellular respiration • Convertsenergy stored in food into energy the cell needs – ATP Sugar + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP ATP = Adenosine triphosphate

  20. Factory Part: • Power Plant / Electrical Room • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells

  21. Chloroplast • Found only in plant cells and algae • Contains green pigment, chlorophyll • Changes sunlight (solar energy) into food like glucose (chemical energy) Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water Sugar + Oxygen

  22. Factory Part: • Solar Powered Energy Panels • Found in: • Plant cells

  23. Cell Wall • Rigid, protective barrier (maintains cell shape) • Found in plant and bacterial cells • Located outside of the cell membrane • Made of cellulose (Carbohydrate fiber)

  24. Factory Part: • Factory Gates • Found in: • Plant cells • Some Prokaryote cells

  25. Vacuoles • Large central vacuole usually in plant cells • Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells • Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, etc • Supports cell shape in plants

  26. Factory Part: • Storage room • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells (smaller)

  27. Quick Review • Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus • Which organelle holds the cell together? Cell membrane • Which organelles are not found in animal cells? Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts • Which organelle helps plant cells make food? Chloroplasts • What does E.R. stand for? Endoplasmic reticulum

  28. Cell City Analogy • Cell OrganellesCity Analogies • Cell Membrane City border • Cell Wall City Wall • Cytoplasm Lawns • Endoplasmic Reticulum Highway or road system • Ribosomes Lumber or brick yard • Golgi Bodies Post Office or UPS • Chloroplasts Solar Energy Plants • Nuclear Membrane City Hall Fence with security guard • Mitochondria Energy Plants • Nucleus City Hall • DNA Original Blueprints or the city • RNA Copies of Blueprints • Nucleolus Copy Machine • Lysosomes Waste Disposal/ Recyclers • Vacuole Warehouses, water towers or garbage dumps • Protoplasm Air or atmosphere • Chromosomes Rolled up blueprints • Proteins Lumber or bricks

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