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Sternocleidomastoid: O: Sternal head: Superior part of the manubrium Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of the clavicle I: Mastoid Process A: Bilaterally: Flexion of the cervical spine Unilaterally: lateral flexion and rotation to the opposite side
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Sternocleidomastoid: O: Sternal head: Superior part of the manubrium Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of the clavicle I: Mastoid Process A: Bilaterally: Flexion of the cervical spine Unilaterally: lateral flexion and rotation to the opposite side Synergist: Scalenes and opposite side Splenius Capitus
Scalenes: O: Group: Transverse processes of C2-C7 I: Anterior: First Rib Anterior: Transverse processes of C3-C6 Medial: First Rib Medial: Transverse processes of C2-C7 Posterior: Second Rib Posterior: Transverse processes of C5-C6 A: Bilaterally: Elevate the ribs during inhalation, flex the neck Unilaterally: Laterally flex the neck and rotate the head to the opposite side Synergist: Sternocleidomastoid
Levator Scapulae: O: Transverse processes of C1-C4 I: Medial border and superior angle of the scapula A: Bilaterally: Cervical extension Unilaterally: Lateral flexion and rotation of the head to the same side Synergist: Splenius cervicis and upper traps
Trapezius: O: External occipital protuberance, ligamentumnuchae, medial portion of the superior nuchal line of the occiput, spinous processes of C7-T12 I: Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula A: Upper: Bilaterally: Cervical Extension Unilaterally: Lateral flexion to the same side and rotation to the opposite side, elevate the scapula. Middle: Adduct the scapula, stabilize the scapula. Lower: Depression, upward rotation of the scapula. Synergist: Sternocleidomastoid
Spinalis: O: Cervicis: Ligamentumnuchae, spinous process of C7Thoracis: Spinous processes of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae I: Cervicis: Spinous processes of C2-C7Thoracis: Spinous processes of upper thoracic
Longissimus: O: Cervicis and capitis: Transverse processes of T1-T5Thoracis: Common tendon (thoracolumbaraponeurosis) I: Capitis: Mastoid processCervicis: Transverse processes of cervical vertebraeThoracis: Lower nine ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae 6
Iliocolstalis: O: Cervicis and thoracis: Posterior surface of ribs 1-12Lumborum: common tendon (thoracolumbaraponeurosis) along the border of the iliac crest and sacrum I: Cervicis: Transverse processes of lower cervical vertebraeThoracis: Posterior surface of ribs 1-6Lumborum: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of ribs 6-12
Multifidi and Rotatores: O: Transverse processes of C4-L5 and sacrum I: Spinous processes of all lumbar vertebrae superiorly through the cervical vertebrae (multifidi span two to four vertebrae) (rotatores span one to two vertebrae) A: Trunk extension and rotation to the opposite side Synergist: Semispanalis