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Sustainable energy supply; Is Hydrogen an option? Myths and facts

Sustainable energy supply; Is Hydrogen an option? Myths and facts. C. Daey Ouwens Eindhoven University of Technology. Outline. Some considerations about sustainability The energy supply (efficient use, fossil, renewables, nuclear) Hydrogen an option?

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Sustainable energy supply; Is Hydrogen an option? Myths and facts

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  1. Sustainable energy supply; Is Hydrogen an option?Myths and facts • C. Daey OuwensEindhoven University of Technology

  2. Outline • Some considerations about sustainability • The energy supply (efficient use, fossil, renewables, nuclear) • Hydrogen an option? • Other choices: “Green” liquids and gases • VW scenario • Conclusion

  3. What is sustainable development? • A development which • makes an economic development possible • has hardly any environmental effects • is socially accepted • (optimal organizational structure) (cheap, clean, social acceptable) Process of change, needs creativity Many options; difficult to make choices Central role of technology

  4. Considerations • Which option is sustainable ? • Solar cells ? • Hydrogen in Fuel cells in cars? • Carbon dioxide sequestration? • Bio diesel from rape seed? • Co-combustion of wood in coal power plants? • Nuclear energy??? • Is sustainability possible? Yeswe can choose; CO2 free • Can we “predict” future energy supply? No

  5. Main lines sustainable energy • In order of importance; development over timeDemand side • Energy efficiency ; buildings, apparatus, greenhouses • Recycling of materials • Use natural materialsSupply side • Fossil fuels: methane (Natural Gas, NG) • Biomass: “green” liquids, SNG, hydrogen? • Hydro power, geothermal, wind, solar energy (PV, heat)?,waves, currents, etc • Fossil fuels (coal, oil): hydrogen (CO2 storage)? • Nuclear energy ???

  6. Hydrogen an option? Two main lines of production • Biomass: hydrogen (or “green” liquids or SNG) • Fossil fuels: hydrogen and CO2 storageCO2 sequestration ; do we accept it??NUMBY • (Electrolysis: too expensive) First conversion by gasification get syngas; CO and H2

  7. Several products from syngas • Hydrogen • Very clean liquids; Fischer-Tropsch (Shell and Sasol) based on coal and NG; (Biomass, Germany and at ECN Holland) • Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) • For 1: change of infrastructure • For 2 and 3; holds only for biomass and NG (low emission of CO2) • For 2 and 3: no change in infrastructure

  8. Hydrogen as a choice Hydrogen problems • Production • Storage • Transport • End-use; change in infrastructure • As a consequence: expensive

  9. Applications Hydrogen • Hydrogen in cars- compressed, methanol, petrol, liquid?- fuel cell (weight, reliability, cooling, use at low temperature, cost)?- overall efficiency (well to wheel) • Hydrogen in Natural Gas system- mix it with Natural Gas (10 %?);

  10. Other choices Based on gasification • Green diesel; Fischer-Tropsch (based on biomass and Narural Gas (not CO2 free) • Synthetic Natural Gas (based on biomass) By fermentation • Ethanol (petrol) - from food crops (sugar beet) now; woody materials in future

  11. Other choices • Bio diesel - from rape seed- from jatropha and pongamia (Developing Countries) • Gas from anaerobic digestion • In future Solar (solar cells (PV)), Wind and…. ????

  12. Conclusion • Is the introduction of Hydrogen sustainable yet? (cheap, clean and social accetable) Not so sure; change in infrastructure is expensive • Hydrogen from coal and oil and NG; do we accept CO2 sequestration • Hydrogen from biomass; more attractive to makegreen liquids (diesel and ethanol) and SNG • Do we need Hydrogen for a sustainable energy supply?No • Will we introduce (use) it? Maybe

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