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Rome and the Rise of Christianity 750 B.C. – A.D. 500

Explore the founding of Rome, the Roman Republic, the Punic Wars, the rise of the armies, and the formation of the Roman Empire. Discover the impact of Rome on the rise of Christianity.

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Rome and the Rise of Christianity 750 B.C. – A.D. 500

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  1. Rome and the Rise of Christianity750 B.C. – A.D. 500

  2. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_maps/world_pol495.jpg • Italy

  3. http://sfbayview.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Europe-North-Africa-map.gifhttp://sfbayview.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Europe-North-Africa-map.gif

  4. The Rise of Rome • Italy is a peninsula • Apennine Mountains and the Tiber River • Rome built in central location • Latins moved in around 1500 – 1000 B.C.

  5. Etruscans • Advanced civilization in Northern Italy • Lived in Etruria • No written records, but they were advanced • Women were very important to them

  6. 750BC Italy

  7. The Rise of Rome • Influenced by the Greeks • Etruscans influenced Rome’s development the most • Influenced writing, religion, art, etc

  8. http://28.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_liv6u7vIOV1qdfa5lo1_500.jpghttp://28.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_liv6u7vIOV1qdfa5lo1_500.jpg

  9. Founding the City • 753BC- traditional date as founding of Rome • Initially ruled by monarchy • Mythical story of Remus and Romulus

  10. Monarchies • 7 kings of Rome- 753-509BCE • Tarquin the Proud (Tarquinius Superbus)- last King of Rome • Tyrannical, evil ruler who was exiled • Rape of Lucretia • Revolution by Brutus (son) and Collatinus

  11. http://www.historywiz.com/tarquin.htm • Rape of Lucretia

  12. Revolt • In 509, Romans overthrew the Etruscan king and developed a republic • Republic – a form of government where the people are represented by another person. • May be chosen by the people or appointed • "res publica" - a public thing for the people

  13. The Roman Republic • Two consuls chosen every year • First two were Brutus and Collatinus • Roman Senate • 300 patricians who served for life • Tribal Assembly • Council of plebeians was created to create political equality

  14. S.P.Q.R • Senatus PopulusQue Romanus • Senate and People of Rome

  15. Roman Law • Twelve Tables • Adopted in 450BC • Provide political and social rights for Plebs • Later became inadequate • Led the way for Law of Nations

  16. The Roman Republic • Rome expanded their empire • Allowed conquered areas to remain free • Good diplomats • Excelled in military affairs

  17. First Punic War • Carthage was founded by Phoenicians (punicus) around 800 B.C. • Carthage and Rome wanted Sicily • War broke out in 264 B.C. • Romans built large naval fleet to win

  18. Carthage

  19. Second Punic War • Hannibal – greatest Carthaginian general • Bring the War to Rome- didn’t really work • Scipio, of Rome, then attacked Carthage- success!! • By 129 Rome controlled Macedonia, Greece, and Pergamum

  20. Hannibal

  21. Second Punic War

  22. Assignment • Using your computers, notes, books, encyclopedias, etc, write an alternate ending to the Punic Wars. • What if Hannibal had been successful and conquered Rome? What would be different? What would we have? What wouldn’t we have? • To do this, you will need to research what they wanted, how they lived, government, etc. • Write a one page story, and be creative!

  23. Chief Phoenician colony • Founded in 813BC • Rapid growth in fame and wealth • Inhabited by Queen Tyre and aristocrats • Battle Greeks for Sicily in 480

  24. Roman Expansion • Led to separation of social classes • Need for a permanent army • Call for Reform • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus urged for land reform • Each killed for the way the ruled • As the Republic grew more unstable, generals began seizing power for themselves

  25. Rise of the Armies • Gaius Marius vs. Lucius Sulla • Both Consuls of Rome by different measures • Marius by election from Plebs • Sulla by appointment from Senate

  26. Marius Sulla

  27. Sulla • Uses army to capture and kill enemies in Rome • Takes over as dictator with the military • Marius • Free Roman Army- pledge allegiance to him, not S.P.Q.R. • Uses military to conquer other lands- elects proconsul to rule in his place

  28. A Nation in Trouble • Rome is no longer a nation of laws, but becoming a nation of men • Generals building up armies • Loyalty to men, not loyalty to the state • We are seeing the beginnings of an Empire

  29. The First Triumvirate • Triumvirate – govt. by three people with equal power • After 50 years of civil war, three men gained power • Crassus- Richest man in Rome • Pompey – military hero from Spain • Julius Caesar- military commander

  30. Julius Caesar

  31. Julius Caesar • Julius Caesar leads army in Gaul in Great Campaign • Pompey tries to bring Caesar home without his army • Caesar responds by bringing loyal army home into Rome • Pompey flees and Caesar made Consul for Life – Dictator- 47BC

  32. Caesar’s Rome • Absolute Ruler • Reforms • Granted Roman citizenship to provinces • Land Reforms • Increased pay for his soldiers • Senate planned/ Assassinated Caesar • March 15, 44 BC – Beware the Ides of March – Shakespeare

  33. Beware the Ides of March- 44BC

  34. Second Triumvirate • New leaders emerge • Octavian- 18yrs old, grandnephew of Caesar • Marc Antony- Experienced Military Leader • Lepidus- Powerful politician • Fight between Octavian and Antony • Antony and Cleopatra were defeated at Actium, Greece in 31BC • Period from 31 B.C. – 14 A.D. – Age of Augustus

  35. Octavian

  36. Age of Augustus • Augustus – the Sacred one • Senate gave Augustus imperium for life- complete rule • Wanted to fix Rome, finish what Caesar Started • Expands empire • Roads to provinces, beautifies Rome

  37. Ever expanding empire, but defeat to barbarians in Germany helped realize that Rome was not invincible • Period after death of Augustus is called the Early Empire

  38. The Early Empire • New political system • Allowed the emperor to select successor • Augustus chooses family • Gaius Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero • Slowly took control of everything • After Nero, Rome realized they needed to change the system

  39. Nero

  40. The Good Emperors • Beginning with the 2nd century, there were five “good” emperors • Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius • Led Pax Romana • Time of peace and prosperity • Senate’s power declined • Taken by Emperors

  41. The Good EmperorsTrajan Marcus Aurelius

  42. Hadrian Wall built to protect N. border of Britain

  43. Roman Empire • Empire continued to expand until it was too big to defend • In 212 citizenship was given to every free person in the empire • Latin in the West, Greek in East • Create Greco-Roman world • Economy boomed- farming, trade, commerce, slave labor

  44. http://www.bestofsicily.com/mag/art159b.gif

  45. Roman Empire • Romans adopted Greek art • Excelled in architecture- many building projects • Literature was at its height during the Age of Augustus • Family was at the heart of Roman life

  46. Roman Architecture

  47. Roman Architecture

  48. Slave revolts • Spartacus • Gladiator • Led Slave revolt • 70,000 followers • Captured and killed • 6000 followers were crucified

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