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GOTHIC EUROPE

GOTHIC EUROPE. GARDNER CHAPTER 18-3 PP. 478-486. VIRGIN OF PARIS. Virgin and Child (Virgin of Paris), Notre-Dame, Paris, France, early 14 th century Best example of the court style in Late Gothic sculpture Exaggerated S-curve posture is typical of Late Gothic sculpture

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GOTHIC EUROPE

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  1. GOTHIC EUROPE GARDNER CHAPTER 18-3 PP. 478-486

  2. VIRGIN OF PARIS • Virgin and Child (Virgin of Paris), Notre-Dame, Paris, France, early 14th century • Best example of the court style in Late Gothic sculpture • Exaggerated S-curve posture is typical of Late Gothic sculpture • A worldly queen -> decked out in royal garments and heavy gem-encrusted crown -> Jesus as infant prince • Further humanization of the portrayal of religious figure -> Late Gothic is very different in tone from the solemnity of most High Gothic figures

  3. SAINT-MACLOU, ROUEN • West façade of Saint-Maclou, Rouen, France, ca. 1500-1514 • Shift from the High Gothic to the Late French Gothic architecture = shift from Rayonnant to the FLAMBOYANT style -> named for the flamelike appearance of its pointed bar tracery • Best example of Flamboyant style is the church of Saint-Maclou in Normandy • The five portals bend outward in an arc -> wiry, flickering flamboyant tracery form brittle decorative webs mask the buildings structure • Bewildering complexity of overlapping features

  4. CARCASSONNE • Aerial view of the fortified town of Carcassonne, France, 12th and 13th centuries • Age of frequent warfare -> feudal barons built fortified castles/towns • Ramparts = defensive wall circuits • Battlements with crenellations • The keep • Familiar sight in Gothic France -> tight complex of castle, cathedral, and town

  5. GUILD HALL, BRUGES • Hall of the cloth guild, Bruges, Belgium, begun 1230 • The Bruges cloth guild’s meeting hall is an early example of a new type of secular architecture in the late Middle Ages • Sits in the city’s major square -> shows the important role of artisans and merchants in Gothic Europe • Designed to for attention and prestige with the towers of city cathedrals

  6. HOUSE OF JACQUES COEUR • House of Jacques Couer, Bourges, France, 1443-1451 • The house of the immensely wealthy Bourges financier Jacques Couer -> splendid example of Late Gothic architecture w/elaborate tracery • Symbol of the periods new secular spirit

  7. BOOK ILLUMINATION AND LUXURY ARTS • Paris was the intellectual center of Gothic Europe • University faculty -> birthplace of scholasticism • Center for skilled architects, masons, sculptors, and stained-glass makers • Center for the production of fine books • During the Gothic period book manufacture shifted from monastic scriptoria to urban workshops of professional artists

  8. VILLARD DE HONNECOURT • Villard de Honnecourt, figures based on geometric shapes, folio 18 verso of sketchbook, from Paris, ca. 1220-1235, ink on vellum • On this page from his private sketchbook, the master mason Villard de Honnecourt sought to demonstrate that simple geometric shapes are the basis of natural forms and building • Ars de geometria

  9. GOD AS ARCHITECT • God as architect of the world, folio 1 verso of a moralized Bible, from Paris, France, ca. 1220-1230, ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum • Geometry played a symbolic role in Gothic art and architecture • The triangle for example, symbolized the idea of the Trinity, the circle symbolized the eternity of the one God • God is shaping the world w/the aid of a compass -> the artist portrays God as an industrious architect using the same tools as Gothic builders

  10. LOUIS IX, THE SAINTLY KING • The royal patron behind the Parisian Rayonnant “court style” of Gothic art and architecture was King Louis IX (1214-1270) • His mother Blanche of Castile served as regent to the boy king • French regarded Louis as the ideal king -> in 1297 he was declared a saint • Known for his piety, justice, truthfulness, and charity • Louis launched two Crusades and died in Tunisia during the second one • He was seen as the Christian knight, the benevolent monarch, and the holy man

  11. BLANCHE OF CASTILE • Detail of the dedication page of a moralized Bible, 1226-1234 • Saint Louis was an avid collector or both secular and religious books -> amassed a vast library • One of the books commissioned by the royal family is a moralized Bible -> costly gold-leaf dedication page depicts Saint Louis, his mother Blanche of Castile, and two monks -> the younger monk is at work on the paired illustrations of a moralized Bible

  12. PSALTER OF SAINT LOUIS • Elegant proportions, facial expression, theatrical gestures, swaying postures are hallmarks of the Parisian Rayonnant court style • Abraham and the three angels, folio 7 verso of the Psalter of Saint Louis, from Paris, France, 1253-1270, ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum • It is believed the artists who produced the Psalter of Saint Louis are the same as those who produced the stained glass for his Saint-Chapelle church • Architectural settings reflect screenlike lightness and transparency of royal Rayonnant buildings -> colors emulate those of stained glass

  13. BREVIARY OF PHILIPPE LE BEL • Master Honore, David anointed by Samuel, folio 7 verso of the Breviary of Philippe le Bel, From Paris, France, 1296, ink and tempera on vellum • Master Honore was one of the secular artists who produced books for the French monarchy • Two Old Testament scene involving David -> Samuel anoints youthful David, David prepares to aim his slingshot • Figures have sculptural volume and showed the play of light on their bodies

  14. BELLEVILLE BREVIARY • Jean Pucelle, David before Saul, folio 24 verso of the Belleville Breviary, Paris, France, ca. 1325, ink and tempera on vellum • Fully modeled figures in 3D architectural settings rendered in convincing perspective • Believed to have visited and studied in Italy • Close observer of plants and fauna

  15. VIRGIN OF JEANNE D’EVREUX • Virgin of Jeannned’Evereux, from the abbey church of Saint-Denis, France, 1339, silver gilt and enamel, 2’3” high • Queen Jeanne d’Evereux donated this luxurious reliquary-statuette to the royal abbey church of Saint-Denis • Intimate human characterization of the holy figures recalls that of the Virgin of Paris • Beautiful young Mary, child playfully reaches for his mother -> elegant proportions, swaying posture, heavy drapery folds • Fleur-de-lis scepter contained hairs believed to be from Mary’s head

  16. THE CASTLE OF LOVE • The Castle of Love and knights jousting, lid of a jewelry casket • Woman’s jewelry box adorned w/ivory relief panels • At left the siege of the Castle of Love -> shooting flowers and hurling baskets of roses from catapults • Center is a jousting scene

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