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Pharmarcology and Clinical Laboratory Test

Pharmarcology and Clinical Laboratory Test. Dae Chul Jeong, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine 1 , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea. Pharmacology ( 약리학 ). Pharmacodynamics ( 약동학 ) 약의 생체에 대한 작용 , 작용기전에 대한 연구 Pharmacokinetics ( 약력학 )

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Pharmarcology and Clinical Laboratory Test

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  1. Pharmarcology and Clinical Laboratory Test Dae Chul Jeong, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine1, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea

  2. Pharmacology (약리학) • Pharmacodynamics (약동학) • 약의 생체에 대한 작용, 작용기전에 대한 연구 • Pharmacokinetics (약력학) • 약의 체내에서 흡수, 분포, 변화 및 배설과정을 연구하는 학문 • Chemotherapy (화학요법) • 미생물, 기생충, 암세포를 파괴하는 약에 관한 연구 • Toxicology (독물학) • 독물의 기원, 물리화학적 성질, 검출방법 등을 연구하는 학문

  3. 약물의 명명 • Chemical name (화학명) • 유기화학에서 사용되는 화학명 예) alpha-aminobenzylp • Generic name (일반명) • 약에 관한 규격을 기록한 책에 의료목적으로 사용되는 약물 예) ampicillin • Brand name, trade name (상품명) • 약물제조업자가 명명한 이름 예) amcil, Omnipen etc….

  4. 약물과 연관된 용어 • Therapeutic dose (치료량) • 약효를 나타낼 수 있는 용량 • Toxic dose (중독량) • 중독을 나타낼 수 있는 용량 • Tolerated dose (내량) • 중독을 일으키더라도 죽음을 면할 수 있는 최대량 • Lethal dose (치사량) • 사망시킬 수 있는 용량 • Tolerance (내성) • Drug dependence (약물 의존성) • Resistance (저항성)

  5. Cumulative dose (축적용량) • 반감기가 긴 약제 혹은 일부 항암제 예) digitalis, adriamycin, bleomycin • Interaction, combined effect (상호작용) 두 가지 이상의 약물을 병용 투여하여 서로 상호간에 나타나는 작용 • 협동작용(synergism), 길항작용 (antagonism) • Drug toxicity (약물 독성) • Side effect (부작용) • Adverse effect (유해효과) • 약물의 기대 효과 이외의 다른 효과를 나타내는 현상 • Receptor (수용체) • 약물이 세포에 결합하는 세포부위 • Affinity (친화력)

  6. 약물의 투여(route of administration) • Oral administration (p.o = per os)경구 투여 • Sublingual administration 설하투여 • Rectal administration 직장투여 • Parenteral administration 비경구투여 • Subcutaneous injection (SC) • Intradermal injection (ID) • Intramuscular injecton (IM) • Intravenous injection (IV) • Intra-arterial injection • Intra-thecal injection (지주막하강주사) • Intracavity injection • Inhalation (흡입) • Topical application (국소적용)

  7. 약물의 분류

  8. 신경계에 작용하는 약제 • Autonomic nervous system (자율신경계) • Sympathetic nervous system (교감신경계) • Sympathomimetics (교감신경 흥분제) • epinephrine • Sympatholytics (교감신경 차단제) • propanolol • Parasympathetic nervous system (부교감 신경계) • Parasympathomimetics (부교감신경 흥분제) • pilocarpine • Parasympatholytics (부교감신경 차단제) • atropine

  9. 중추신경계에 작용하는 약물 • Stimulants (자극제) • caffeine • Depressants (억제제) • Analgesics (진통제) • Narcotics (마약제) • Non-narcotics (비마약제) • Sedatives and hypnotics (진정제 및 수면제) • Phenobarbital • Anticonvulsants (항경련제) • phenytoin • Tranquilizers (신경안정제) • Anesthetics(마취제)

  10. 심혈관계에 작용하는 약물 • 심장에 작용하는 약물 • Catatonic (강심제) • Digitalis • Antiarrythmic agents (항부정맥제) • Propanolol • Coronary vasodilators(심장혈관 이완제) • Nitroglycerin • Antihypertensives (고혈압치료제) • Sympathomimetics 혹은 diuretics

  11. 위장관계에 사용하는 약제 • Antiacids (제산제) • Emetics (토제, 최토제) • Antiemetics (구토약) • Cathartics (설사약, 사하제) • Antidirrarheal agents (항설사약) • 장운동억제제 • loperamide • 수렴제 • bismuth • 흡착제 • Alumimum silicates

  12. 호흡기에 작용하는 약제 • Bronchodilators (기관지 확장제) • Epinephrine, atock • Expectorants (가래약) Mucolytics (점액용해제) • mucomyst

  13. 항생제(antibiotics) • Penicillin계열 • Streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin • Tetracyclines • Sulfonamides • cephalosporines

  14. 항암제 (anticancer drugs) • Alkylating agents • cyclophosphamide • Antimetabolites • Methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine • Steroid hormones • dexamethasone • Antibiotics • Plant alkaloids • Drug combination

  15. 약제 투약에 따른 약자

  16. Clinical Laboratory Test

  17. Biochemistry(생화학) • Routine biochemistry • Liver function test • Renal function test • Lipids test • Blood sugar test • Cardiac test • electrolytes • Emergency biochemistry • Routine biochemistry • Ammonia, neonatal bilirubin • Drug monitoring • Electrophoresis

  18. Tumor markers (종양표지자) • -hcG • 2-microglobulin • Alpha-fetoprotein (-fetoprotein) • CA 15-3: breast cancer, ovary cancer, cervix Ca. • CA19-9: pancreatic Ca, hepatoma, stomach Ca, • CA50: biliay tumor, pancreatic Ca. • CA 72-4: ovary cancer, pancreatic Ca. • CA125, CA 130: ovary cancer • Calcitonin: thyroid cancer • CEA(Carcinoembryonic antigen): colon cancer, rectal cancer • PSA (prostate specific antigen: prostate cancer

  19. Virus • HAV-IgM, HAV-IgG: A 형 간염 • HBsAg, HBsAb: B 형간염 • HBe Ag, HBeAb, HBcAb: B 형간염 • EBV VCA IgM, IgG: EB 바이러스 감염 • Parbovirus IgM, IgG: Parbovirus 감염 • TORCH • Toxoplasma • Others (syphilis) • Rubella • Cytomegalovirus • Herpers simplex virus

  20. 혈액응고 검사 및 용혈검사 • PT (prothrombin time) • aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) • BT (bleeding time) • Thrombin time • Coombs test • Direct • Indirect • Osmotic fragility test

  21. Special laboratory test • Flow cytometry • Immune cells • Stem cells • Molecular laboratory • RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) • RQ-PCR (RT quantitative PCR) • Southern blot • Northern blot • Immunoblot • Genetics • Chromosome study • FISH (Fluorescent in situ hybridazation)

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