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The P eriodic Table

The P eriodic Table. Hydrogen. Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own Odorless, colorless gas Highly combustible! Is a diatomic gas, H 2 Hydrogen was involved in the Hindenberg diaster. German passenger airship, May 6, 1937. Alkali Metals: Group 1 * Doesn’t include Hydrogen.

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The P eriodic Table

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  1. The Periodic Table

  2. Hydrogen • Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own • Odorless, colorless gas • Highly combustible! • Is a diatomic gas, H2 • Hydrogen was involved in the Hindenbergdiaster German passenger airship, May 6, 1937

  3. Alkali Metals: Group 1*Doesn’t include Hydrogen • Very reactive metals, esp. with H2O • Never found in nature in pure form • Silver in color or shiny • Extremely low density • Soft enough to cut with a knife Usually combined with something else to make a compound, like a salt

  4. Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2 • Slightly less reactive metals then group 1 • More dense then group 1 • Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (Mg and Ca) • Can be silver or white in color

  5. Transition Metals: Groups 3-12 • Moderate range of reactivity • Generally shiny (Ag) • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Higher densities and melting points then groups 1 & 2

  6. Lanthanides & Actinides • Lanthanides are shiny and reactive • Actinides are all radioactive and therefore unstable • Both are part of the transition metals

  7. Boron Family: Group 13 • Are reactive • One metalloid & four metals • Aluminum (Al) metal is in the group and was once rare & expensive

  8. Carbon Family: Group 14 • Contains 2 metalloids, 1 non-metal, & 2 metals • Varied reactivity • Silicon is profoundly important to the electronics industries • Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry

  9. Nitrogen Family: Group 15 • Contains 2 non-metals, 2 metalloids, & 1 metal • Varied reactivity • Can share electrons to make compounds • Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere • The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.

  10. Oxygen Family: Group 16 • Contains 3 non-metals, 1 metalloid, & 1 metal • A reactive group • Oxygen is necessary to breath! • Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

  11. Halogens: Group 17 • All non-metals • Very reactive • Poor conductors of heat & electricity • Always found combined with other element in nature • Tend to form salts with metals (table salt) • Used to strengthen teeth (flouride)

  12. The Noble Gases: Group 18 • VERY unreactive gases • Colorless & odorless gases • All found in Earth’s atmosphere in small amounts • Used in lighted “neon” signs • Have a full valence shell

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