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Chemistry Inorganic Nomenclature Molecular, Acids, Hydrates

Chemistry Inorganic Nomenclature Molecular, Acids, Hydrates. Do Now: Take out HW to check. CALCULATORS NOT REQUIRED PERIODIC TABLES REQUIRED. Molecular Compounds. Ionic compounds are formed between charged atoms. (Metal + nonmetal)

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Chemistry Inorganic Nomenclature Molecular, Acids, Hydrates

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  1. ChemistryInorganic NomenclatureMolecular, Acids, Hydrates Do Now: Take out HW to check. CALCULATORS NOT REQUIRED PERIODIC TABLES REQUIRED

  2. Molecular Compounds • Ionic compounds are formed between charged atoms. (Metal + nonmetal) • Molecular compounds are formed between two nonmetals, and contain covalent bonds.

  3. Molecular Compounds • In molecular compounds, there is more than one way to put elements together: • N2O, NO2, N2O3, N2, O2, and NO all exist as real compounds. • We need to add Greek prefixes to the names to tell us how many atoms of each element there are.

  4. Greek Prefixes • A prefix is used to denote the number of atoms of each element in the compound (mono- is not used on the first element, however.)

  5. Greek Prefixes • The ending on the second element is changed to –ide. • CO2: carbon dioxide • CCl4: carbon tetrachloride

  6. Greek Prefixes • If the prefix ends with a or o and the second element is oxygen, the two vowels are often meshed into one. • N2O5 : dinitrogenpentoxide (not pentaoxide)

  7. Practice • NO2 • NO • N2O • N2O3 • N2O5

  8. Practice • Tetraphosphoruspentoxide • Sulfur dioxide • Carbon monoxide • Phosphorus pentachloride • Sulfur hexafluoride

  9. Naming Acids • An acid is a compound with H+acting as a cation. • They are polar covalent bonds - in many times, close to ionic.

  10. Naming Acids • If the anion paired with H+ ends in –ide, change the ending to –ic acid and add the prefix hydro. • HCl: hydrochloric acid • HBr: hydrobromic acid • HI: hydroiodicacid

  11. Naming Acids • If the anion ends in –ate, change the ending to –ic acid. • HClO3: chloric acid • HNO3: nitric acid

  12. Naming Acids • If the anion ends in –ite,change the ending to –ousacid. • HClO2: chlorousacid • HNO2: nitrousacid

  13. Exceptions for Sulfur and Phosphorus • H2SO4: sulfuric acid (not sulfic acid) • H3PO4: phosphoric acid (not phosphic)

  14. Practice • HF • H2CrO4 • HClO3 • Hydrosulfuric acid • chloric acid • Phosphoric acid

  15. Naming Hydrates • A hydrate is an ionic compound with water molecules trapped inside the ionic crystal. • These water molecules can be boiled off or re-added.

  16. Naming Hydrates • Their formulas are like normal ionic compounds, with a dot and the number of water molecules trapped per “formula unit” of the ionic compound. • CuSO4•5H2O

  17. Naming Hydrates • CuSO4•5H2O • The word hydrate with a Greek prefix for the number of waters follows the name of the ionic compound. • copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate • CuSO4 5H2O

  18. Practice • CoCl2 • 6H2O • copper (II) chloride dihydrate

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