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Foundation Engineering

Foundation Engineering. Practical Portion. Experiment No. 1. Classification of Soil according to USC and AASHTO Classification System. Designation. AASHTO M 145-91(2000) ASTM D 2487-00. Scope Tests Required for the Classification Sieve Analysis Atterberg Limit test Liquid Limit Test

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Foundation Engineering

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  1. Foundation Engineering Practical Portion

  2. Experiment No. 1 Classification of Soil according to USC and AASHTO Classification System. ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  3. Designation • AASHTO M 145-91(2000) • ASTM D 2487-00 ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  4. Scope • Tests Required for the Classification • Sieve Analysis • Atterberg Limit test • Liquid Limit Test • Plastic Limit Test ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  5. Sieve Analysis The sieves normally required are as follows ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  6. Procedure • Take a sample about 500-g. of soil, when soil contain larger particles (gravels), bigger soil sample will be required. • Carefully check all the sieves and remove any particles sticking to the sieve mesh. • Sieves are arranged in the descending order of their sizes with a pan at bottom. • The sieving operation shall be conducted by lateral and vertical motion of the sieves so as to keep the sample moving continuously over the sieve surface. • The soil particles shall not be turned or manipulated through the sieves by hand. • Sieving shall be continued until not more than 1-percent by mass of the residue passes any sieve during 60-seconds. • Remove the sieves from the sieve shaker and carefully weigh the soil retained on each sieve. • Remove the particles sticking to the sieve mesh and should be included to the weight retained. • Tabulate the data and calculate the percentage passing as shown in the following table. ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  7. Percentage passing ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  8. Liquid Limit Test APPARATUS: 1. Knife, 2. Grooving tool, 3. Balance, 4. Liquid limit apparatus, 5. Drying oven, 6. Containers for moisture content determination Cassagrande Apparatus Grooving tools ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  9. Steps: • 1. Sample as taken from the field 2. Sample after passing sieve No. 40 • (About 100-g sample passing #40 Sieve) ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  10. 12.7mm • 3.. Making the paste 4. Paste in the Cassagrande cup ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR 5. Groove in the paste 6. Groove closed for a length of 12.7-mm.

  11. Calculations: ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  12. Graph: ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  13. Plastic Limit Test Steps: • Take abut 20-g of sample passing # 40 sieve, make a paste • Take 8-g of sample and deform it into ellipsoidal shaped mass. • Now roll the mass into a thread of uniform diameter throughout its length Ellipsoidal shape sample Thread rolling ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  14. When the diameter of the thread becomes less than 3-mm. break the thread, and repeat last step again. • Continue performing step-3 until thread crumbles without reaching the Diameter of 3-mm. • Plasticity Index = Liquid Limit – Plastic Limit ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  15. Calculations: ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  16. AASHTO SOIL CLASSIFICATION TABLE Table ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

  17. UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION TABLE Table ENGR. FAIZAN TAHIR

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