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Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations

Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations. Fractures. A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. Many types of fractures are difficult to determine. If a fracture is suspected, it’s wise to get it checked out. Fracture Categories. All fractures are one of two types

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Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations

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  1. Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations

  2. Fractures • A break or a crack in a bone is called a fracture. • Many types of fractures are difficult to determine. • If a fracture is suspected, it’s wise to get it checked out

  3. Fracture Categories • All fractures are one of two types • Closed – skin over fracture is not broken 2) Open/Compound – where the skin over the fracture is broken. The bone may be visible.

  4. Hairline Stress Complete Greenstick Comminuted Depression Complicated Transverse Oblique Spiral Types of Fractures

  5. Hairline Fracture • A very thin crack or break in the bone Hairline fracture of the foot

  6. Stress Fracture • Fracture caused by repetitive stress to a bone

  7. Complete Fracture • When a bone breaks into two separate pieces

  8. Greenstick Fracture • When the bone cracks on one side only, not all the way through Ulnar greenstick fracture

  9. Comminuted Fracture • When the bone is broken into more than two pieces or is crushed

  10. Spiral Fracture • Bone is broken by twisting Spiral fracture of femur

  11. Depression Fracture • When the skull is fractured inward

  12. Complicated Fracture • When a broken bone may have caused damage to internal organs • There is more concern than the fracture itself

  13. Transverse Fracture • When the bone is broken straight across

  14. Oblique Fracture • When the bone is broken on a steep angle fibula

  15. Signs or Symptoms of a Fracture • Pain and tenderness • Loss of function • A wound (with bone sticking out) • Deformity • Unnatural movement • Shock • Crepitus (grinding) (don’t test for this) • Swelling and bruising

  16. Sprains

  17. What is sprain? • The bones at a joint are held together by tough bands called ligaments. A sprain is an injury to a ligament • 1st degree – stretched • 2nd degree – partially torn • 3rd degree – completely torn • Most common are the fingers, wrist, ankle, and knee

  18. Signs and Symptoms of a Sprain • Pain that may be severe and increase with the movement of the joint • Loss of function • Swelling and discoloration

  19. Dislocations

  20. What is a dislocation? • When the bones at a joint are no longer in proper contact. • Can be caused by severe twisting or indirect force, or even a muscular contraction • Most frequently dislocated joints • Shoulder • Elbow • Thumb • Finger • Jaw • Knee

  21. Signs and Symptoms of a Dislocation • Deformity or abnormal appearance • Pain and tenderness aggravated by movement • Loss of normal function • Joint may be locked in one position • Swelling of the joint

  22. General Treatment Principles • Stop the activity. • Survey the injured area. • First Aid if qualified. • Get help if not. • Determine if additional medical attention is necessary.

  23. RICE • R - Rest • I - Immobilize • C - Cold • E - Elevate

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