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Ian C. Smith 1

A portal-based system for quality assurance of radiotherapy treatment plans using Grid-enabled High Performance Computing clusters. Ian C. Smith 1. CR Baker 2 , V Panettieri 3 , C Addison 1 , AE Nahum 3.

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Ian C. Smith 1

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  1. A portal-based system for quality assurance of radiotherapy treatment plans using Grid-enabled High Performance Computing clusters Ian C. Smith1 CR Baker2, V Panettieri3, C Addison1, AE Nahum3 1 Computing Services Dept, University of Liverpool; 2 Directorate of Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy, University of Liverpool; 3 Physics Department, Clatterbridge Centre for Oncology

  2. Rationale • MC codes can provide accurate absorbed dose calculations but are computationally demanding • Desktop machines not powerful enough, need parallel hardware e.g. High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters • Aim to exploit local and centrally funded HPC systems in a user-friendly manner • Two MC codes have been investigated to date: • MCNPX (beta v2.7a) • Parallel (MPI-based) code • General purpose transport code, tracks nearly all particles at nearly all energies (https://mcnpx.lanl.gov/). • PENELOPE • serial implementation • general purpose MC code implemented as a set of FORTRAN routines • coupled electron-photon transport from 50 eV to 1 GeV in arbitrary materials and complex geometries[1]. [1] Salvat F, Fernández-Varea JM, Sempau J. PENELOPE, a code system for Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport. France: OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Issy-les-Moulineaux; 2008. ISBN 9264023011. Available in pdf format at: http://www.nea.fr.

  3. Grid Computing Server / UL-GRID Portal

  4. Grid Computing Server / UL-GRID software stack

  5. MCNPX Job Submission

  6. PENELOPE Job Submission

  7. PENELOPE (serial code) workflows create random seeds for N input files using clonEasy[1] create random seeds for N input files using clonEasy[1] • Rereasdasdas repeat for other patients stage-in phase-space file (only if necessary) compute individual phase-space file compute partial treatment simulation results combine N individual phase-space files combine partial treatment simulation results using clonEasy[1] phase-space file calculation patient treatment simulation HPC cluster Portal [1] Badal A and Sempau J 2006 A package of Linux scripts for the parallelization of Monte Carlo simulations Comput.Phys. Commun. 175 440–50

  8. External beam photon treatment modelled using PENELOPE Three 6 MV beams Resolution: 256 x 256 ( x 51 CT slices) Final average dose uncertainty 2% (2σ)

  9. MCNPX: Proton beam modelling Clatterbridge proton facility Protons transported through the beam-line (scattering system, range-shifters, modulators and collimators). ~2m Incident spectrum fitted to measured Bragg peak Generic phase-space file generated at the position of the modulator and subsequently transported through patient-specific range-shifter and modulator Baker, Quine, Brunt and Kacperek (2009) Applied Radiation and Isotopes 67; 3:402

  10. Proton absorbed dose in water 2.5cm diameter beam, full energy (~60 MeV at patient, ~3.2 cm range in water) 500 million histories 0.5x0.5x5 mm voxels 50keV proton cut-off <1% statistical uncertainty in absorbed dose in high dose region (1s) Bragg peak Half-modulation

  11. Timing Results • PENELOPE (Serial) • Phase-space file calculation • 4 days per beam on 7 cores • 700 x 106 particles per file • Patient calculation • 1 simulation required 4 days on 1 core • 1 simulation on 32 cores should only require 3 hours • MCNPX (Parallel under MPI) • 500 million histories over 32 cores, < 4 hours, without variance reduction applied.

  12. Future Directions • Expand portal interface to include submission of job workflows • Provide support for BEAM[1] and DOSxyz[3] (based on the EGSnrc MC code [2]) • Possible use of Windows Condor Pool to create PSFs for PENELOPE References: [1] 23D. W. Rogers, B. Faddegon, G. X. Ding, C. M. Ma, J. Wei, and T. Mackie, “BEAM: A Monte Carlo code to simulate radiotherapy treatment units,” Med. Phys. 22, 503–524 _1995_. [2] Kawrakow and D. W. O. Rogers. The EGSnrc Code System: Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport. Technical Report PIRS-701 (4th printing), National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 2003. [3] Walters B, Kawrakow I and Rogers D W O 2007 DOSXYZnrc Users Manual Report PIRS 794 (Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada)

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