The Organization of American States (OAS) The United Nations

1. The Organization of American States (OAS) The United Nations

2. Monroe Doctrine • First, it conveys that European countries cannot colonize in any of the Americas: North, Central, or South. • Second, it enforces Washington's rule of foreign policy, in which the U.S. will only be involved in European affairs if America's rights are disturbed. • Finally, the U.S. will consider any attempt at colonization a threat to its national security.

3. In January 2005, a revolution in Haiti deposed the dictator, Duvalier. • With Haiti in chaos, the United States intervened to bring peace to the country. • What was the justification of the U.S for this action?

4. Roosevelt Corollary • The Roosevelt Corollary was Theodore Roosevelt’s amendment to the Monroe Doctrine. • The Corollary warranted American authority over this in the region. Simply it was to protect the security in Panama, where its was building a canal, from the overpowering European nations. • The U.S. wanted their interests to be completely out of harms way. As Roosevelt stated; “Chronic wrongdoing would cause the United States to exercise an international police power in Latin America”.

5. The Organization of American States (OAS) • Includes United States and most countries South America. • Forms an alliance to protect the countries in the Western Hemisphere.

6. OAS- Bio • Established April 30, 1948 • Members include Thirty Five Independent American Countries • Headquarters in Washington, D.C.

7. Goals of OAS • To strengthen the peace and security of the continent. • To promote representative democracy. • To prevent and settle disputes between countries. • To form an alliance for protection between countries. Headquarters in Washington DC

8. Goals of the OAS (continued) • To settle trade disputes • To promote economic and cultural development. • To eradicate extreme poverty • To limit arms build-up

9. The OAS

10. OAS Nations

11. OAS Nations (Continued) • Barbados (member since 1967) • Trinidad and Tobago (1967) • Jamaica (1969) • Grenada (1975) • Suriname (1977) • Dominica (1979) • Saint Lucia (1979) • Antigua and Barbuda (1981) • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1981) • Bahamas (1982) • Saint Kitts and Nevis (1984) • Canada (1990) • Belize (1991) • Guyana (1991)

12. Cuba is currently excluded from the OAS due to its Communist government. (remember Containment?) Cuba and the OAS

13. The United Nations Flag

15. When the League of Nations was formed after WW I, the U.S refused to join. Without the U.S, the League was very weak. The League was unable to prevent Hitler’s imperialism. This led to WW II. History of the United NationsLeague of Nations

16. Establishment of the United Nations • The United Nations was founded by the United Nations Charter October 24, 1945 • 51 nations signed the Charter • The United States was the first to sign

17. The Six Main Parts Of the UN • General Assembly, • Security Council, • Economic and Social Council, • Trusteeship Council • Secretariat — are based at UN Headquarters in New York. • International Court of Justice, is located at The Hague in the Netherlands.

18. The General Assembly • All UN Member States are represented in the General Assembly — also known as "parliament of nations” or “the town hall meeting of the world” • Meets once a year, usually begun in September and lasting until December at the headquarters in New York • Each Member State has one vote. • Decisions on such key issues as international peace and security, admitting new members and the UN budget are decided by two-thirds majority. Other matters are decided by simple majority.

19. Responsible for maintaining international peace and security. There are 15 Council members. Five of these — China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States — are permanent members. The other 10 are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms. Decisions of the Council require nine yes votes. Except in votes on procedural questions, a decision cannot be taken if there is a no vote, or veto, by a permanent member. The Security Council

20. The Security Council (continued) • The Council can take measures to enforce its decisions. It can impose economic sanctions or order an arms embargo. On rare occasions, the Council has authorized Member States to use "all necessary means," including collective military action, to see that its decisions are carried out.

21. Measures taken by the Security Council • Economic sanctions- nations who are a member of the U.N. will stop trading with a country until they change a certain policy. • Arms Embargo- Stop exchanging military intelligence or weapons to nations who are going against the UN charter

22. The Secretariat • The Secretariat carries out the administrative work of the United Nations as directed by the General Assembly, the Security Council and any other organs. • The Secretariat consists of departments and offices with a total staff of some 7,500 under the regular budget, and a nearly equal number under special funding. They are drawn from some 170 countries.

23. The International Court of Justice • The International Court of Justice, also known as the World Court, is the main judicial organ of the UN. Consisting of 15 judges elected jointly by the General Assembly and the Security Council, the Court decides disputes between countries. • Participation by States in a proceeding is voluntary, but if a State agrees to participate, it is obligated to comply with the Court's decision.

24. NATO • The core of NATO is Article V of the NATO Treaty, which states: • The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all. Consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. Basically A huge Alliance between Europe and North America!!

25. NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • A military alliance between the U.S., Canada, and Europe • It was created to stop the spread of communism in Europe and North America • Provides a common defense

26. Map of NATO countries Membership of NATO in Europe

27. Wrap-up Activity • What is the purpose of each organization discussed today? (OAS, UN, NATO) • Write a summary statement for each. Answers need to include specific details! • How are they different? How are they similar?