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How Will We learn all these words ? Etymology and Vocabulary Across the Content Areas

How Will We learn all these words ? Etymology and Vocabulary Across the Content Areas. B.Selah Lee- Bey. What is Etymology. The key to developing ones’ vocabulary is etymology. Etymology : The study of the origins of words. Etym (true sense; origin) + ology (the study of ).

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How Will We learn all these words ? Etymology and Vocabulary Across the Content Areas

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  1. How Will We learn all these words? Etymology and Vocabulary Across the Content Areas B.Selah Lee-Bey

  2. What is Etymology • The key to developing ones’ vocabulary is etymology. • Etymology: The study of the origins of words. • Etym (true sense; origin) + ology (the study of) • Etymology consists of • Word Parts (Affixes and Roots) • Word Origins (Latin; Greek; German; etc…) • How words change over time • Word cognates in various languages within a language family.

  3. Why Etymology • Students are able to learn up to 50 words per week by studying 4 word parts.

  4. Word Parts: Prefix • A prefix is a word part that is placed at the beginning of a word. • Pre (before) + fix (to fasten) • Other Examples: • Review • React • Interview • Interact

  5. Word Parts: Prefix • A prefix changes the meaning of a word • Examples: construct; reconstruct; deconstruct • Struct (the root) means to build • Con + struct: to build together/with • Re + con + struct: to build together again • De + con + struct: to build down

  6. Prefix Rules • A prefix can function as an intensifier. • Example: • Confirm: con + firm (to make more firm). Firm is a root indicating strength. • Obtain: ob + tain (a stronger version of attain). The root tainmeans to stretch and hold.

  7. Word Parts: Suffix • A suffix is a word part that is placed at the end of a word. • Suff(after) + fix (to fasten) • hopeful • goodness

  8. Word Parts: Suffix • A suffix can change the part of speech of a word • Noun Suffix Endings • -age: mileage; postage; damage • -ship: fellowship; friendship; sportsmanship • Verb Suffix Endings • -ate (calculate; meditate; evaporate) • - ize/ise (memorize; sympathize; comprise)

  9. Word Parts: Suffix • A suffix can change the part of speech of a word • Adjective Suffix Ending • - able (capable; lovable) • -al (national; natural; seasonal) • Adverb Endings • -ly (nationally; naturally; swiftly) • - where (somewhere; anywhere)

  10. Suffix Rules • A word can have as many as three suffixes • Example: constitution; constitutional; constitutionality • Root: sti: to stand • Con (prefix) + sti(tu) + tion • Con (prefix) + sti(tu) + tion + al • Con (prefix) + sti(tu) + tion+ al + ity

  11. Suffix Rules Suffixes have meanings • Like • Musical; comical; classical • Fantastic; realistic; Slavic • State of/Condition/Quality • Appointment; retirement • Insistence; patience; inheritance • One who: • Physician; musician; politician • Teacher; barber; carpenter • Artist; pianist; astrologist

  12. What is the Root? The root word part is like the root of a plant. It carries meaning or nutrients to allow a word to blossom and grow. Word Parts: Roots • The root is the main part of a word. It is the part of the word which the prefix and suffix are fastened. • Remember: • pre (before) + fix (fasten) • suf (after) + fix (fasten) • Think of the roots as the anchor that carries the basic meaning of a word.

  13. Word Parts: Roots • Cred: to believe • Incredible: • In (not) + cred (believe) + ible (able) • Definition: not able to believe • Creditor: • Cred(it) + or (a person who) • Definition: a person that determines whether you can be trusted or believed

  14. Word Parts: Roots • Ject: to throw • Reject: • Re (back) + ject (throw): • Definition: to throw back • Project: • Pro (forward) + ject (throw) • Definition: to throw forward • Interject: • Prefix: Inter • Definition: to throw between

  15. Word Parts: All Together

  16. Prefix-Suffix-Root Line Prefix RootSuffix 3P 2P 1P 0 1S 2S 3S _______________________________________________

  17. What’s the Root of this Word? Conspicuous con + spic + uous: visible, open to view, striking Resist Re + sist To stand against

  18. What’s the Root of this Word? Respect Re + spect To look back (and see someone); to regard Institute In + stit+ ut(e) + ion To cause to stand (i.e. establish)

  19. What’s the Root of this Word? Establish E + stabl(e) + ish To make stable

  20. What’s the Root of this Word? Regard Re + gard(as in guard) To look or to heed Speculative Spec + (ul) + at(e) +ive Describing something that has been looked at or examined intellectually

  21. Semantic Discussions • Which words have similar meanings • Speculative; conspicuous • Establish; institute • Respect; regard

  22. Semantic Discussions (con…) • The word resisthas the same root form as consist, insist, and assist. Based on the change in prefix, what is the meaning of the each of the three words mentioned above?

  23. The Matrix Map (Beginner)

  24. The Matrix Map (Advanced)

  25. The Matrix Map (Beginner)

  26. The Matrix Map (Advanced)

  27. Denotation vs Connotation • Denotation: • This is the literal meaning of a word. It translates as from the letters/markings. That is, the meaning is from the original markings (see etymology). • Connotation: • This is the shaded/colored meaning. It translates as added letters/markings

  28. What is the Connotation? Stench Scent • Definition: what can be smelled. • Etymology: O.F. sentir; Latin sentire- to feel, perceive, sense, discern, hear, see Definition: a smell, a scent, an odor. Etymology: O.E. stenc; Old Saxon stanc; Old German stank- to emit a smell. Evil odor meaning applied in 1200 c.

  29. Liberal Arts: Music • Music • Old French: musique (12 c.) • Latin: musica • Greek: mousikos, pertaining to the Muses • Same root as mind

  30. Liberal Arts: Music Forteand Fortissimo strong

  31. Liberal Arts: Music Crescendo and Descrescendo to grow loudly or quietly in sound

  32. Liberal Arts: Music Dolce sweetly Remember, Latin-based or Romance languages (from Rome) have cognates that follow a similar spelling format as in English. Thus, dolce means to play sweetly, similarly to dulce, which is sweet in Spanish.

  33. Liberal Arts: Music Grave heavily Similar to the words gravity; gravitate; and gravitas- all of these refer to weight

  34. Biological Sciences: Botany Etymology can help students to recall the scientific names of various plant families, genera, and species.

  35. Biological Sciences: Botany • Using the system of scientific classification, botanists identify plants by their family, genus, and species. • Today, plants scientific names are based on binomial nomenclature system using the generic and the specific epithets.

  36. Biological Sciences: Botany • This flower is called the Rosa canina. • It is classified as follows: • Family: Rosae • Genus: Rosa • Species: Canina This is a dog rose (canina refers to the dog)

  37. Biological Sciences: Botany • Most plant names are Latin or Greek in origin. • The family names have the suffix –aceae, which means “belonging to, having the nature of” Examples Asteraceae Fabaceae Apiaceae Solanaceae Zingiberaceae

  38. Biological Sciences: Botany • Most plant names are Latin or Greek in origin. • The family names have the suffix –aceae, which means “belonging to, having the nature of”

  39. Biological Sciences: Botany • Asteraceae: • Aster=star • Star-shaped flowers, such as sunflowers, dandelions, etc… • Fabaceae: • Faba=bean • Family of beans, peas, and legumes

  40. Biological Sciences: Botany • Genus • Latin in form • Ends in –a, -um, or –us • Seven classes of distinction • Species • Latin in form • Descriptive: albus (white), bellus (pretty), odoratus (scented) • Geographical: anglicus (English), hispanicus (Spanish) • Personal names: davidii(A.David)

  41. Biological Sciences: Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomical terminology is rooted in Indo-European languages; thus, etymology will help students readily define given terms.

  42. Biological Sciences: Anatomy and Physiology • Anterior • Ante=before • Posterior • Post=after

  43. Biological Sciences: Anatomy and Physiology Anatomical Roots Blood hem, angi Brain cereb, encephal Hair tricho, tricha Examples Hemorrhoid Angioplasty Cerebellum Encephalology Trichopterous

  44. Biological Sciences: Anatomy and Physiology • -plasty (surgical repair) • Angioplasty • Rhinoplasty • Palatoplasty • -ectomy (remove part of the body) • Craniectomy • Iridectomy • Hysterectomy Surgical Procedures

  45. Biological Sciences: Anatomy and Physiology • -itis (inflammation) • Gingivitis • Arthritis • Chondritis • - algia (sensitivity to pain) • Fibromyalgia • Arthralgia • Cardialgia Diseases

  46. Social Sciences: Psychology • Psychology • Psych: the mind • ology: the study of

  47. Social Sciences: Psychology Bipolar: two poles bi (two) + pol (poles) + ar Insomnia: not able to sleep in (not) + som (sleep) Schizophrenia schizo (split) + phren (mind) + ia

  48. Social Sciences: Psychology • Mania • mind of passion, fury, and rage • Kleptomania • klepto: thief • Pyromania • pyro: fire • Trichotillomania • tricho: hair • till: pull • Dermatillonmania • derma: skin • till: pull

  49. Social Sciences: Psychology • Phobias • Phobia is Greek for fear • claustraphobia • claus: closed • arachnophobia • arachno: spider • algophobia • fearof pain

  50. Mathematics • Etymology can assist students in understanding mathematical concepts.

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