WORLD WAR II

2. WORLD WAR II • Fascism – extreme nationalism and militarism • 1. Germany • - Adolf Hitler comes to power in 1933 • - Takes the Rhineland from France, Austria and Czechoslovakia\ • - established totalitarian government • 2. Italy • - Benito Mussolini takes power • - Takes over Albania, Ethiopia and Somalia • 3. Japan • - ruled by Emperor Hirohito • - takes over Korea, Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia) and Chinese province of Manchuria • *** Appeasement – give into a hostile nation to keep peace***

3. WORLD WAR II • America Prepares for War • 1. Neutrality Acts of 1935 & 1937– U.S. would stay totally neutral in European conflicts • 2. Lend-Lease Program – U.S. would loan weapons and supplies to British & Soviets who would return or replace them after the war. • - YOU BREAK IT, YOU BOUGHT IT! • Cash & Carry Program – extends rights of weapon exchange for cash. In return the buyer would have to carry the weapons back to their country. • 3. Atlantic Charter – took place in Canada – FDR meets with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to discuss plans if the U.S. enters the war. • 4. Draft – 1st peace time draft for men 21-35 years old • 5. December 7, 1941 – “A day that will live in infamy.” – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and U.S. enters WWII.

4. WORLD WAR II December 7, 1941 “A day that will live in infamy.”

6. USS Virginia

7. USS Arizona

8. Pearl Harbor - Casualties and losses December 7, 1941

9. Ships Sunk or Beached 12 Japanese 5 Damaged 9 Aircraft • Destroyed 164 29 • Damaged 159 74

11. POSTERS FROM WORLD WAR 2

12. VICTORY IN EUROPE • 1. U.S. and British troops launch successful offensives in North Africa, Sicily, and Italy. • 2. Soviets hold back German advance at Stalingrad and push them back west • 3. D-Day – Allied invasion of Europe. Allies land on beaches of Normandy France. After liberating France, they push toward Germany. • 4. Soviets take Berlin in April 1945. Germany surrenders May 8, 1945 • *** called Victory Europe Day

13. VICTORY IN PACIFIC • 1. Battle of Midway stops Japanese advance • 2. General MacArthur liberated the Philippines. • 3. Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinowa • 4. President Truman decides to drop the Atomic bomb in August on Hiroshima (Aug 6th) and Nagasaki (Aug 9th) instead of invading Japan – which would have resulted in heavy casualties (estimated at 1 million U.S. soldiers). • 5. September 8, 1945 – Japan surrenders • ***called Victory Japan Day or VJ Day***

14. Atomic Bomb- Hiroshima (Aug 6th)

16. Atomic Bomb- Nagasaki (Aug 9th)

19. Atomic Bomb • The blast was equivalent to 12,500 tons of TNT • Only 6,000 buildings of the 76,000 were left undamaged; • 48,000 were completely leveled • By the end of the day there were 100,000 dead. • The figure would rise to 140,000 by the end of the year, due to radiation sickness and other complications.

20. Aggressors on the March The Devastation of Europe and Japan World War II 1939-1945 The Allies are Victorious Hitler’s Lightning War Japan Strikes in the Pacific The Holocaust WWII cost millions of human lives and billions of dollars in damages, it left Europe and Japan in ruins. As Germany, Italy, and Japan conquered other countries, the rest of the world did nothing to stop them. During the Holocaust, Hitler’s Nazis killed 6 million Jews and 5 million other “non-Aryans” Led by the US, GB, and the SU, the allies scored key victories and won the war Using the sudden, mass attack called the blitzkrieg, Germany overran much of Europe and North Africa Carving out an empire, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and brought the US into WWII

21. WAR INJUSTICES (WWII) • 1. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese and Japanese-Americans living the U.S. were seen as suspicious • The federal government arrested people of Japanese ancestry and put them in internment in the Midwest. • Korematsu v. the United States • Decision – because Japanese-Americans were seen as a threat to national security, the constitutional rights could be taken away. • 2. Nuremberg Trial • Convicted Nazi war criminals (Holocaust) • Could be held accountable for your actions. Hermann Göring and Rudolf Hess as the verdicts were being read at Nuremberg.

23. WARNING~GRAPHIC PICTURES • The next slides will cover the concentration camps and the victims. You are asked to turn away or close your eyes if you have a weak stomach and wish not to view the pictures.

30. POST WAR PLANS • Yalta Conference – (FDR, Churchill, Stalin Feb. 1945) • Germany would be divided into 4 parts (U.S., U.S.S.R., Britain & France would each control a zone)

31. POST WAR PLANS • Free elections in Poland (not kept) • Plans for the United Nations • U.S.S.R. pledges to declare war on Japan • U.S.S.R. would recognize Chang Kai-Shek’s democratic Chinese government (not kept) • U.S.S.R. would have influence in Eastern Europe

32. POST WAR PLANS con’t • 4. Potsdam Conference – (Truman, Churchill, Stalin July 1945) • Germany’s war reparations based on how much they could afford • Soviet – U.S. spheres of influence around the world Discussion over dropping the atomic bomb • **Many of the unresolved issues at Yalta and Potsdam lead to the Cold War tensions in the coming decades!**