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Ó B.Munier, Ph.D.

Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION, REGIONALIZATION & PARTICULARISMS Bruno Munier, Ph.D. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION & PARTICULARITIES. A process: Growing interactions (trade, finance, security, ecology, culture, demography …)

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Ó B.Munier, Ph.D.

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  1. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION, REGIONALIZATION & PARTICULARISMS Bruno Munier, Ph.D.

  2. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES A process: Growing interactions(trade, finance, security, ecology, culture, demography …)  growing interdependence (affects sovereignty)  complication of “global” relations( new stakes must be perceived in their globality and multi-dimensional reality)  faster (& faster) pace of change(exponential acceleration)

  3. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES Globalization is a new phenomenon that deeply change the whole world society. It is not limited to the Economy or the Market, This is a process (set of interactions => dynamics) that can be summarized as the multiplication of exchanges, ofall sort & nature, generating growing interdependence between a growingly complex set of actors. A Multi-dimensional Process

  4. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES • Multidimentionality: • Globalization is: • an economic process (with the growing integration of world market and finance, phenomenon that stimulates competition between the various economic actors) • a social process (as it affects cultures, encourages demographic streams) • a techno-scientific process (progress, as will be later developed, is the source of globalization as it facilitates communications of all sorts and competition, even if technological skills and knowledge is not evenly spread) • a juridical process (IGOs actively participates even if in some cases or areas still greatly insufficiently to the normalization of rules affecting trade, contracts, employment, conflicts between nations or partners…) • a political process (as it affects States’sovereignty, role and mission, and global geopolitics): “Global System” in place of “International System”

  5. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES • The roots of globalization: • exponential acceleration of the techno-scientific progress, ever & ever faster dissemination of its use by larger amount of people & • liberalization of the World Order Due to political want & the exponential development of the means of communication (transport, telecommunication, Internet…)

  6. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES • Technology & science (R&D) + Capacity & Want to communicate (exchange, competition) = are the keys for development • Communication  Competition • Competitiveness & readiness Adaptation-Reactivity

  7. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES Acceleration of the technological innovations cycles & of the dissemination of progress: Electricity Chemistry TV Satellites Computer PC Cellular Phone Telephone Automobile 1870 1900 1950 1970 1980 1990 Contribute to improve communication & reduce distances

  8. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES • The process of liberalization • a new post-WW2 World Order: • New Geopolitical Order • Institutionalization of International Relations • promotion of free trade, • + monetary and financial stability • as source of development, peace & security • Post WW2 institutionalization: (NIPO & NIEO) • UNO (1945), •   IMF + BIRD (1944) + IMS (Bretton Woods) •   GATT (1947) WTO (1995) Result: creation of an environment favorable to the development of trade

  9. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES Liberalization: securing Free Trade:2 steps: - IMS & the GATT explosion of trade & invest *trlateralization - end of the cold war the end of bipolarization permits a redefinition of priorities and a generalization of liberalism + The “newly integrated economies” (NIC…) Geoeconomic complication : The N/S rift? Acceleration of trade, financial & technological flows: Explosion of imports: 1950 = exportations: 100; 1990 = 2000 production: 100; 500 World Trade = 1978 9% Wd GDP 1998 24% 2005 28% (2000 prev.)WTO 2000

  10. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES  new economic policy priorities: Trade & export strategies Attraction / FDI Privatization Delocalization The quest for competitiveness

  11. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES Nowadays, no country nor group of any kind can shut itself off from others: the world community is growingly characterized by its Globality we must here make (with BECK) a distinction with another concept : GLOBALISM that illustrates “the view that the world market eliminates or supplants political action” (the end of politics!), which proved to be wrong! In contradiction with the multi-dimension perspective  adaptation of the perception ( / stakes)  New « adapted » answers ( / global security, development, ecology…) Must square with the Globality and complexity of the presentday World System

  12. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION and DISPARITY Economic and financial disparities

  13. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION and DISPARITY

  14. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION and DISPARITY World Trade

  15. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION and DISPARITY GNP / capita

  16. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION and DISPARITY HDI

  17. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION and DISPARITY Growth divergences

  18. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. GLOBALIZATION and DISPARITY Growth divergences

  19. Ó B.Munier, Ph.D. The World Order Bipolarity, multipolarity, unipolarity?

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