Oscillation Neutrino Physics Reach at Neutrino Factories

1. Oscillation Neutrino Physics Reach at Neutrino Factories M. Lindner Technical University Munich

2. Motivation for Precision spectrum? surprise! how small? • neutrino masses are physics beyond the Standard Model • new window to flavour problem – see-saw amplified! • information complimentary to quarks: Dirac and Majorana CP phases? NuFact04

3. Guessing the Neutrino Mass Spectrum Quarks and charged leptons: mD ~ Hn ; n = 0,1,2  H > 20 ... 200 Neutrinos: mn ~ Hn  1< H < 10 See-saw: 1<H<10 >20 ? >20 mn = -mDTMR-1mD quarks  hierarchical masses  neutrinos?  large mixings! • inversely correlated hierarchy in MR ? • non-hierarchical, type II see-saw, .... ? NuFact04

4. The Value of Precision for q13 • models for masses & mixings • input: Known masses & mixings •  distribution of q13 „predictions“ • q13 often close to experimental bounds •  motivates new experiments •  q13 controls 3-flavour effects • like CP-violation for example: sin22q13 < 0.01  • physics question: small q13 • numerical coincidence • systematic (symmetry,...) • how small? • precision! NuFact04

5. The Interplay of different Topics Standard Model extensions flavour symmetries leptogenesis mechanisms supernovae nucleosynthesis structure formation ... renormalization group mass spectrum, mixings, CP-phases, LVF, 0n2bb-decay, ...  long term: most precise flavour info n-parameters extremely valuable NuFact04

6. The Future of Oscillations x . NuFact04

7. Oscillation Channels 2 flavour approximation: Pab = sin2(2q) sin2(Dm2L/4E) Paa = 1 - Pab MSW + parameter mapping NuFact04

8. Analytical Description • analytic discussion / full numerical simulations • degeneracies, correlations, ...  (sin22q13)eff NuFact04

9. Long Baseline: Projects and Plans (partly)  precision neutrino physics • running:K2K establish / test atm. osc. with beams • construction:MINOS (2005) ~ 10% for Dm312, q23, improveq13 • CNGS: ICARUS & OPERA (2006) • approval:T2K (JHF-SK) (2008) few% for Dm312, q23,improve q13 • LOIs:NOnA (NuMI-OA) (200x) • H2K (JHF-HK) (201x) % for Dm312, q23,q13, CP, sgn(Dm2) • long term:b-beams, neutrino factory, ... (201x)  precision • .....muon collider.... • every stage is a necessary prerequisit for the next • continuous line of improvements for beams, detectors, physics! . NuFact04

10. Beams • conventional beams / superbeams • b-beams • neutrino factories • other: laser driven? ...? NuFact04

11. Determination of the Physics Potential • select a setup (beam, detector, baseline, ...) • take „most realistic“ parameters  best guess! • simulate all relevant aspects as good as possible  GLoBES • determine the potential: „true“  fitted parameters • consider other options, time, cost, improvements, ... • compare only realistic simulations •  discuss the reliability of the input (assumptions) •  think of improvements  R&D in all directions until decisions must be made NuFact04

12. correlations degeneracies systematics sin22q13 statistical limit (all parameters fixed) limit for (sin22q13)eff limit for sin22q13 from *THIS* experiment only precise knowledge of some parameter combination = precision of the experiment synergies = combine with other experiments  gain more than statistics Sensitivitiy Plots NuFact04

13. q13 Sensitiviy: Comparison of the coming Generation . NuFact04

14. Adding a new reactor experiment identical detectors  many errors cancel NuFact04

15. q13 Sensitiviy: Comparison of the next Generation . Huber, ML, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter NuFact04

16. Leptonic CP-Violation: Best Case today: sin22q13 < 0.2 assume: sin22q13 = 0.1 and combine: T2K + NOnA + Reactor  limits or signs of leptonic CP violation Huber, ML, Rolinec, Schwetz, Winter NuFact04

17. Neutrino Factory: I & II _ P(MW) m‘s/year Tn+Tn (y)M(kt) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Neutrino factory I: 0.75 1020 5 10 Neutrino factroy II: 4.00 5.3*1020 8 50 • define benchmark neutrino factories: • baseline 3000km • magnetized iron detector  wrong sign m‘s simulations of various options: Barger, Geer, Raja, Whisnant, Marfatia, ... Cervera, Donini, Gavela, Gomez-Cadenaz, Hernandez, Mena, Rigolin, ... Bueno, Campanelli, Rubbia, ... Minakata, Yasuda, ... Freund, Huber, ML, Winter, ... ... NuFact04

18. T2K T2K NOnA • different sensitivity reductions by systematics • correlations & degeneracies lead to severe sensitivity reductions • break C&D by combining different experiments of comparable potential NuFact04

19. . NuFact04

20. Measurement of CP Violation NuFact04

21. Various Potential Options • superbeams: En≈ GeV  large low Z sampling calorimeters ≈ 50 kt • superbeams, b-beams: En ≈GeV hugeCerenkov detectors ≈ 1000 t • huge liquid Ar detectors ≈ 100 kt • huge scintillator detectors ≈ 30 kt • neutrino factory: En≈20-50 GeV large magnetized iron Calorimeters ≈ 40kt • large magnetized liquid Ar detectors ≈20kt • large OPERA-like emulsion detectors ≈5kt • laser driven acceleration, … Initially rate driven  improve by  combination of different E and/or L or „magic baseline“  combination of different channels or experiments  use energy spectrum NuFact04

22. Combining: Silver Channels • golden channel: wrong sign m‘s • silver channel : t‘s • different oscillation probabilities  break degeneracies! Donini, Meloni, Migliozzi Autiero, et al. NuFact04

23. Energy Resolution d=+p/2 d=0 d= -p/2 rate based degeneracies have different energy spectra 730km A. Rubbia  use energy resolution to break degeneracies NuFact04

24. A Powerful Simulation Tool General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator P. Huber, ML, W. Winter see parallel talk! Release: Aug. 1, 2004 http://www.ph.tum.de/~globes hep-ph/0407xxx • C-based simulation software (GPL – free, for Unix systems) • extensive documentation & examples • 3 phase approach: • experiment definition withAEDL (Abstract Experiment Definition Language) • simulation of an experiment  3-n oscillations; scan „true values“ • analysis  event distriutions, ...., sensitivities, ... NuFact04

25. Abstract Experiment Definition Language (AEDL) • predefined AEDL files for a number of experiments • allows easy modifications of „default“ experiments NuFact04

26. AEDL Description of a Neutrino Factory !%GLoBES /* beam */ flux(#mu_plus)< @builtin = 1 @parent_energy = 50.0 @stored_muons = 5.33e+20 @time = 8.0 > $target_mass = 50 $bins = 20 $emin = 4.0 $emax = 50.0 /* cross section */ cross(#CC)< @cross_file = XCC.dat > /* baseline */ $baseline = 3000.0 $densitytab = {3.5} $lengthtab = {3000.0} $density_error = 0.05 /* energy resolution */ energy(#MINOS)< @type = 1 @sigma_e = {0.15,0.0,0.0} /* channels */ channel(#appearance)< @channel = #mu_plus: +: electron: muon: #CC: #MINOS > channel(#disappearance)< @channel = #mu_plus: -: muon: muon: #CC: #MINOS > /* rules */ rule(#rule1)< @signal = 0.45 @ #appearance @signalerror = 0.001 : 0.0001 @background = 1.0e-05 @ #disappearance @backgroundcenter = 1 : 0.0  @backgrounderror = 0.05 : 0.0001 @errordim = 0 @energy_window = 4.0 : 50.0 > NuFact04

27. GLoBES Simulations sin22q13 d NuFact04

28. Conclusions • MINOS, ICARUS and OPERA • improve leading oscillation parameters; should improve sin22q13 a little • T2K, NOnA and new reactor experiments • - further improved leading oscillation parameters • will improve sin22q13 by about one order of magnitude • with luck: sign(Dm2) or even CP phase • H2K, b-beams, neutrino factory • - can do all unless sin22q13 is extremely tiny; in any case precision n-physics! • very precise 3-n oscillation parameters • sin22q13 , sign(Dm2) and CP phase should be measured • unique impact on model building! R&D for b-beams, neutrino factories...  realistic parameters • simulate & compare  GLoBES http://www.ph.tum.de/~globes and hep-ph/0407xxx NuFact04