Neutrino Oscillation Physics with a Neutrino Factory

1. Neutrino Oscillation Physics with a Neutrino Factory EPS-HEP Conference, Grenoble on behalf of IDS-NF Collaboration Paul Soler, 21 July 2011

2. International Design Study • International Design Study for a Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF) • Principal objective: deliver Reference Design Report by 2013 • Physics performance of the Neutrino Factory • Specification of each of the accelerator, diagnostic, and detector systems that make up the facility • Schedule and cost of the Neutrino Factory accelerator, diagnostics, and detector systems. • Co-sponsored by EU through EUROnu • Web site: https://www.ids-nf.org/wiki/FrontPage • Interim Design Report: IDS-NF-020 delivered in 2011 • IDR was used to measure progress in planning for these facilities and detailed performance parameters at half way point of study • Reviewed by International Panel organised by ECFA, chaired by Prof Francis Halzen (Wisconsin), at Daresbury Lab on 5-6 May 2011 Report this afternoon at joint ECFA-EPS session EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

3. Neutrino Factory Baseline • Two Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detectors (MIND): • 100 kton at 2500-5000 km • 50 kton at 7000-8000 km Baseline constantly under review in light of new physics results EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

4. Physics Case for a Neutrino Factory EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

5. where is for Neutrino Oscillations in Matter • Matter oscillation results for three neutrinos: (MSW effect) Minakata & Nunokawa JHEP 2001 EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

6. where is for Neutrino Oscillations in Matter • Matter oscillation results for three neutrinos: Only one term in equation (MSW effect) Magic baseline: Clean determination of q13 Magic baseline only depends on value of density of Earth EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

7. Neutrino Oscillation fits • Global fit provides: • sin2q12=0.312+0.017-0.015 • Dm212 =7.59+0.20-0.18×10-5 eV2 • sin2q23=0.510.06 • Dm312=2.450.09×10-3 eV2 Schwetz, Tortola, Valle Normal Inverted • Hints for non-zero q13: NH(IH) • T2K: 0.03(0.04)<sin2q13<0.28(0.34) (2.5s) • MINOS: 0<sin2q13<0.12(0.19) (1.7s) • Reactors: sin2q13=0.023+0.016-0.013(2.3s) • Combined: sin2q13=0.021(0.025)±0.007 • Yet to be defined in detail: • Confirm q13 value • Is q23=p/4,<p/4 or >p/4? • Mass hierarchy: sign Dm312 • CP violation phase d EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011 Fogli et al.

8. Neutrino Factory Accelerator and Detectors EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

9. Neutrino Factory Baseline • Proton driver • Proton beam ~8 GeV on target • Target, capture and decay • Create p, decay into m (MERIT) • Bunching and phase rotation • Reduce DE of bunch • Cooling • Reduce transverse emittance (MICE) • Acceleration • 120 MeV 25 GeV with RLAs and FFAG • Decay rings • Store for ~1000 turns • Long straight sections Neutrino spectra calculable to high accuracy EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011 See poster on Neutrino Factory accelerator facility

10. detector 50% wrong sign muon 50% Baseline for a Neutrino Factory: MIND • Golden channel signature: appearance of “wrong-sign” muons in magnetised iron calorimeter Magnetic Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND) IDS-NF simulations for 25 GeV NuFact: • Two far detectors: • 2500-5000 km baseline: 100 kton • 7000-8000 km (magic) baseline: 50 kton • Appearance of “wrong-sign” muons • Segmentation: • 3 cm Fe + 2 cm scintillator n 50-100 m long 14mx14mx3cm plates Toroidal magnetic field: 1.0-2.2 T Engineering well advanced See poster on Neutrino Factory detectors EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

11. MIND analysis • Curvature error (CC rejection) and NC rejection Num hits > 150 nm-CC nm-CC CC signal nm-CC nm-CC • Kinematic cuts: Neutrino energy (En=Em+Ehad) vs EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

12. MIND: CC and NC background • Analysis with Nuance and GEANT4: anti-numu as numu numu as anti-numu CC background NC as numu NC as anti-numu NC background EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

13. MIND: ne background and signal • Analysis with Nuance and GEANT4: anti-nue as anti-numu nue as numu nue background numu efficiency anti-numu efficiency Signal efficiencies EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

14. ~20 m 3 m n beam 3 m Vertex Detector High Res Detector Mini-MIND B>1 T Near Detectors • Near detector: • Neutrino flux (<1% precision) and extrapolation to far detector • Charm production(main background) and taus for Non Standard Interactions (NSI) searches • Cross-sectionsand other measurements (ie PDFs, sin2qW) Two options EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

15. Performance of a Neutrino Factory with MIND EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

16. Flexible design of Neutrino Factory • Optimisation for one baseline as function of q13 Contours of CP coverage For large q13: Energy 10 GeV Baseline 2000 km 100 kton MIND For small q13: Energy ~25 GeV Baseline ~4000 km 100 kton MIND EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

17. Neutrino Factory performance • Optimised performance for small q13 (25 GeV, two detectors) and large q13(10 GeV, 100 kton detector) MIND analysis • Performance based on 5 GeV, 1300 km, 20 kton Totally Active Scintillator Detector (TASD, magenta) EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

18. Neutrino Factory performance • Optimised performance for small q13 (25 GeV, two detectors) and large q13(10 GeV, 100 kton detector) MIND analysis EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

19. Neutrino Factory performance • Comparison Neutrino Factory and other facilities • Neutrino Factory outperforms all other facilities EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

20. Conclusions • International Design Study is progressing on course • Interim Design Report delivered March 2011 • We had successful ECFA review May 2011 (final report due soon) • On target to produce Reference Design Report, including performance and costs by 2013 • Main concepts for accelerator systems have been defined • Main areas of work are at interfaces between components • Two Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detectors (MIND) at standard Neutrino Factory (25 GeV) is small q13 baseline: • 2500-5000 km with100 kton mass • 7000-8000 km (magic baseline) with 50 kton • 10 GeV Neutrino Factory with one 100 kton MIND shows best performance for large q13 (sin2q13> 10-2) • Conceptual design for near detector being established EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

21. Backup slides EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

22. Expected neutrino event rates in MIND Event rates 100 kton MIND at 4000 km (for 1021m decays) Need 10-4 bkg suppression anti-numu CC nue CC anti-nu NC nu NC EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

23. nm-CC nm-CC MIND: signal efficiency • Difference in numu and anti-numu efficiencies: effectively only because of Bjorken y distribution (inelasticity) of neutrinos and antineutrinos EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

24. MIND: systematic errors • Systematic errors: hadronic energy & angular resolution • Systematic errors: ratio of QES/DIS, 1p/DIS, “Other”/DIS EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

25. MIND: tau contamination • Tau neutrino simulations using GENIE already implemented • New results since IDR:nt signal right-sign nutau as numu anti-nutau as anti-numu • New results since IDR:nt signal wrong-sign anti-nutau as numu nutau as anti-numu EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011

26. Roadmap EPS-HEP, Grenoble: 21st July 2011