Aim: Can we trace our laws back to Medieval England?

1. Aim: Can we trace our laws back to Medieval England? Do Now: How important is a will? Do you plan to write one? If so, when? NY State Standards 2 Common Core RS 2, 8, WS 1, 2

2. I England in the Middle Ages • The Romans conquered Britain in the 1st century CE. B) After the Romans left Britain in the early 5th century CE, the Angles and the Saxons (Germanic tribes) invaded Britain. The Roman Emperor Hadrian built the wall named for him in Britain. Its purpose was to hold back the barbarian tribes.

4. England in the Middle Ages Continued… C) 1066 CE King Edward the Confessor of England died without a son. King Edward of England built Westminster Abbey in 1050 CE.

5. Guess Who Got Married At Westminster Abbey?

6. II Who Will Be The Next King of England? DUKE WILLIAM OF NORMANDY! • Blood related to King Edward. • Lived in Normandy, France. HAROLD OF ESSEX, THE BROTHER-IN-LAW! • Not blood related to Edward. • Lived in England. There were several other contenders for the throne, but William and Harold were the main competition.

7. Normandy, France (Birthplace of William) In the early Middle Ages, Norsemen from Scandinavia (northern Europe) settled in Normandy in northern France. Recall that Norsemen who went on raids were known as Vikings.

8. III Battle of Hastings, 1066 • Oct 14, 1066 William from Normandy crossed the English Channel to claim the throne. He defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings. William was then called “William the Conqueror”. Harold was struck in the eye with an arrow). His face was so badly damaged that his mistress had to identify him by his tattoos.

9. Battle of Hastings Reenactment

10. Battle Abbey, Kent, England William the Conqueror had Battle Abbey built to mark the spot where Harold had died in the Battle of Hastings. Why did he do this?

11. Battle of Hastings, 1066 Continued… B) The Bayeux Tapestry was created in the 11th century CE to show the Norman conquest of England. The Bayeux Tapestry consists of 72 scenes, all hand embroidered. The entire tapestry is 250 feet long!

12. Harold being crowned King of England

13. Norman Ships crossing English Channel

14. English Axmen vs. Norman Cavalry

15. King Harold Gets Struck with an Arrow

16. William Crowned King

17. III William the Conqueror • William the Conqueror ruled England 1066 - 1087. • He immediately built 500+ castles for his knights to ensure their safety from the Saxons. As a reward to his knights for his victory, William gave them land in exchange for their loyalty. What system of government is this? • William created the Great Council, made up of Norman nobles, to provide him advice. By the 13th century the Great Council was called Parliament, and divided into 2 houses; the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

18. Alnwick, A Norman Castle in England, 12th Century CE

19. Queen Elizabeth II addresses the House of Lords

20. IV The Domesday Book A) William the Conqueror sent sheriffs (government officials) to each shire (district) to count people and animals for taxing. All of this information was recorded in the Domesday Book. “There was no single hide nor a yard of land, nor indeed one ox nor one cow nor one pig which was left out.” How did the Domesday Book get its name? It was believed the only thing more accurate than the Domesday Book would be the Last Judgment or “Doomsday”.

21. V The Magna Carta • In 1215 the English nobles demanded King John (known for high taxes) sign the Magna Cartaor “Great Charter”. • The Magna Carta guaranteed certain rights to the nobility: 1. The King needed consent of the nobles to collect new taxes 2. The King can’t take a noble’s property without paying for it 3. The King can’t delay justice 4. Any accused noble is entitled to a jury trial * The Magna Carta made it so that the King was not above the law.

22. Magna Carta Excerpts • “No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, or in any other way destroyed, except by the lawful judgment of his peers.”   • “To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice.” How are these laws from the Magna Carta similar to the American constitution? Look at the 6th Amendment to find out!

23. The 6th Amendment of the US Constitution “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.”

24. Summary • How did William the Conqueror become King of England? • Why was the Domesday Book radical for its time? • How did the Magna Carta contribute to our law today? I’m King John (from the Disney film Robin Hood). How did the Magna Carta change the way I rule?

25. Key Vocabulary • Normandy • King Edward the Confessor • Harold of Essex • William the Conqueror • Battle of Hastings • Bayeux Tapestry • Domesday Book • Magna Carta • Great Council • Parliament