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Leviticus 16-27

Pentateuch. Leviticus 16-27. © John Stevenson, 2012. Outline of Leviticus. Laws of the Priests (8-10). Laws of Purity (11-15). Day of Atonement (16). Laws of the Offerings (1-7). Laws of Holiness (17-20). Laws of the Priests (21-22). Appointed Times (23-25). Penalties and Vows (26-27).

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Leviticus 16-27

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  1. Pentateuch Leviticus 16-27 © John Stevenson, 2012

  2. Outline of Leviticus Laws of the Priests (8-10) Laws of Purity (11-15) Day of Atonement (16) Laws of the Offerings (1-7) Laws of Holiness (17-20) Laws of the Priests (21-22) Appointed Times (23-25) Penalties and Vows (26-27)

  3. Setting Now the LORD spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they had approached the presence of the LORD and died. (Leviticus 16:1).

  4. A Prevented Approach And the LORD said to Moses, “Tell your brother Aaron that he shall not enter at any time into the holy place inside the veil, before the mercy seat which is on the ark, lest he die; for I will appear in the cloud over the mercy seat.” (Leviticus 16:2).

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  6. Preparations for Entry Aaron shall enter the holy place with this: with a bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. 4 He shall put on the holy linen tunic, and the linen undergarments shall be next to his body, and he shall be girded with the linen sash, and attired with the linen turban (these are holy garments). Then he shall bathe his body in water and put them on. (Leviticus 16:3-4)

  7. rp;K'  Kaphar Preparations for Entry And he shall take from the congregation of the sons of Israel two male goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering. 6 Then Aaron shall offer the bull for the sin offering which is for himself, that he may make atonement for himself and for his household. (Leviticus 16:5-6)

  8. The Pair of Goats And he shall take the two goats and present them before the LORD at the doorway of the tent of meeting. (Leviticus 16:7).

  9. The Pair of Goats And Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for the scapegoat. (Leviticus 16:8).

  10. lzEaz"[]  Azazel The Pair of Goats And Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for the scapegoat. (Leviticus 16:8). Az: Aramaic word for “goat,” but also occasionally used in Hebrew (Genesis 27:9; 30:32, 35). Azelis the verb, “to go away.”

  11. lzEaz"[]  Azazel The Pair of Goats And Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for the scapegoat. (Leviticus 16:8). Az: Used in Hebrew to describe “power” and “strength” and even “ferocity” (Genesis 49:3; Numbers 13:28) Azelis the verb, “to go away.”

  12. The Pair of Goats Then Aaron shall offer the goat on which the lot for the LORD fell, and make it a sin offering. (Leviticus 16:9).

  13. The Pair of Goats But the goat on which the lot for the scapegoat fell, shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make atonement upon it, to send it into the wilderness as the scapegoat. (Leviticus 16:10).

  14. Provision of Incense And he shall take a firepan full of coals of fire from upon the altar before the LORD, and two handfuls of finely ground sweet incense, and bring it inside the veil. 13 And he shall put the incense on the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of incense may cover the mercy seat that is on the ark of the testimony, lest he die. (Leviticus 16:12-13).

  15. The Place of Mercy Moreover, he shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the mercy seat on the east side; also in front of the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times. (Leviticus 16:14).

  16. The Place of Mercy Then he shall slaughter the goat of the sin offering which is for the people, and bring its blood inside the veil, and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it on the mercy seat and in front of the mercy seat. (Leviticus 16:15).

  17. The Presence of One When he goes in to make atonement in the holy place, no one shall be in the tent of meeting until he comes out, that he may make atonement for himself and for his household and for all the assembly of Israel. (Leviticus 16:17). An audience of One

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  19. The Power of Blood Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the LORD and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar on all sides. 19 And with his finger he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it seven times, and cleanse it, and from the impurities of the sons of Israel consecrate it. (Leviticus 16:18-19).

  20. The Passing of the Goat When he finishes atoning for the holy place, and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall offer the live goat. (Leviticus 16:20).

  21. The Passing of the Goat Then Aaron shall lay both of his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over it all the iniquities of the sons of Israel, and all their transgressions in regard to all their sins... (Leviticus 16:21a).

  22. The Passing of the Goat …and he shall lay them on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who stands in readiness. (Leviticus 16:21b).

  23. . The Passing of the Goat And the goat shall bear on itself all their iniquities to a solitary land; and he shall release the goat in the wilderness. (Leviticus 16:22).

  24. Leviticus 16:29-30 This shall be a permanent statute for you: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall humble your souls and not do any work, whether the native, or the alien who sojourns among you; 30 for it is on this day that atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you; you will be clean from all your sins before the LORD.

  25. Hebrews 8:1-2 Now the main point in what has been said is this: we have such a high priest, who has taken His seat at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens, 2 a minister in the sanctuary and in the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, not man.

  26. Hebrews 8:4-5 Now if He were on earth, He would not be a priest at all, since there are those who offer the gifts according to the Law; 5 who serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things, just as Moses was warned by God when he was about to erect the tabernacle; for, “See,” He says, “that you make all things according to the pattern which was shown you on the mountain.”

  27. Hebrews 9:6-7 Now when these things have been so prepared, the priests are continually entering the outer tabernacle performing the divine worship, 7 but into the second, only the high priest enters once a year, not without taking blood, which he offers for himself and for the sins of the people committed in ignorance.

  28. Hebrews 9:8-10 The Holy Spirit is signifying this, that the way into the holy place has not yet been disclosed while the outer tabernacle is still standing, 9 which is a symbol for the present time. Accordingly both gifts and sacrifices are offered which cannot make the worshiper perfect in conscience, 10 since they relate only to food and drink and various washings, regulations for the body imposed until a time of reformation.

  29. Hebrews 9:11-12 But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things to come, He entered through the greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this creation; 12 and not through the blood of goats and calves, but through His own blood, He entered the holy place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption.

  30. Outline of Leviticus Laws of the Priests (8-10) Laws of Purity (11-15) Day of Atonement (16) Laws of the Offerings (1-7) Laws of Holiness (17-20) Laws of the Priests (21-22) Appointed Times (23-25) Penalties and Vows (26-27)

  31. Leviticus 17-20 Leviticus 18 Leviticus 18-19 Holiness in Sacrifice & Blood Holiness in Marriage & sexuality Holiness before God and men Leviticus 17 Leviticus 20 Penalties for violating laws of holiness

  32. Leviticus 17:1-2 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to Aaron and to his sons and to all the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘This is what the LORD has commanded, saying…’”

  33. Leviticus 17:3-4 Any man from the house of Israel who slaughters an ox or a lamb or a goat in the camp, or who slaughters it outside the camp, 4 and has not brought it to the doorway of the tent of meeting to present it as an offering to the LORD before the tabernacle of the LORD, bloodguiltiness is to be reckoned to that man. He has shed blood and that man shall be cut off from among his people.

  34. Leviticus 17:5 The reason is so that the sons of Israel may bring their sacrifices which they were sacrificing in the open field, that they may bring them in to the LORD, at the doorway of the tent of meeting to the priest, and sacrifice them as sacrifices of peace offerings to the LORD.

  35. ~rIy[iF.l;  From the root sair, “goat” or “hairy.” Leviticus 17:7 They shall no longer sacrifice their sacrifices to the goat demons with which they play the harlot. This shall be a permanent statute to them throughout their generations.

  36. Leviticus 17:10 And any man from the house of Israel, or from the aliens who sojourn among them, who eats any blood, I will set My face against that person who eats blood and will cut him off from among his people.

  37. vp,n< (Nephesh) Leviticus 17:11 For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your souls; for it is the blood by reason of the life that makes atonement.

  38. Can Morality be Legislated?

  39. Leviticus 18:1-3 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘I am the LORD your God. 3 You shall not do what is done in the land of Egypt where you lived, nor are you to do what is done in the land of Canaan where I am bringing you; you shall not walk in their statutes.’”

  40. Leviticus 18:6 None of you shall approach any blood relative of his to uncover nakedness; I am the LORD.

  41. Calum Carmichael “The lawgivers of the Pentateuch formulated biblical laws in relation to biblical narratives” (pg 9).

  42. Narrative in Genesis Law in Leviticus Ham looks on Noah’s nakedness (9). Lot’s two daughters sleep with their father (19). You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father (18:7).

  43. Narrative in Genesis Law in Leviticus Abraham was married to his half sister, Sarah (20:12). The nakedness of your sister, either your father's daughter or your mother's daughter, whether born at home or born outside, their nakedness you shall not uncover (18:9). You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s wife(18:8). Reuben sleeps with his father’s concubine (35:22).

  44. Narrative in Genesis Law in Leviticus Judah had a child by his daughter-in-law, Tamar (38). You shall not uncover the nakedness of your daughter-in-law; she is your son's wife, you shall not uncover her nakedness (18:15).

  45. Narrative in Genesis Law in Leviticus Jacob married the sisters Leah and Rachel (29:21-30). You shall not marry a woman in addition to her sister as a rival while she is alive, to uncover her nakedness (18:18).

  46. Why is this brought up now? How does it relate to the previous verse? Leviticus 18:19 Also you shall not approach a woman to uncover her nakedness during her menstrual impurity.

  47. Narrative in Genesis Law in Leviticus You shall not have intercourse with your neighbor’s wife, to be defiled with her (18:20). Potiphar’s wife attempted to seduce Joseph (39).

  48. Leviticus 18:21 You shall not give any of your offspring to offer them to Molech, nor shall you profane the name of your God; I am the LORD.

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