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Continental Drift- the breakup of Pangea Proposed by Alfred Wegner

Continental Drift- the breakup of Pangea Proposed by Alfred Wegner. Convergent Boundary = where 2 plates collide. Possible results: 1. mountains 2. subduction - the most dense plate is pushed down. Divergent Boundary Where 2 plates are moving apart

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Continental Drift- the breakup of Pangea Proposed by Alfred Wegner

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  1. Continental Drift- the breakup of Pangea Proposed by Alfred Wegner

  2. Convergent Boundary = where 2 plates collide. • Possible results: 1. mountains 2. subduction- the most dense plate is pushed down

  3. Divergent Boundary • Where 2 plates are moving apart • At oceanic crust= seafloor spreading.

  4. Divergent Boundary If occurs at continental crust forms a rift valley

  5. Divergent Boundary If occurs at continental crust forms a rift valley

  6. A Volcano is a mountain with a vent, cooled lava, ash, and cinders. Constructive Force: builds land. Remember the Island of Circe in Iceland was created from volcanic eruption. Destructive Force: tears down or destroys the land.

  7. Magma- molten rock and gases under the crust. Magma is called lava once it’s on the surface.

  8. Volcanoes are constructive- add new rock to form new land. Volcanoes are found at convergent plate boundaries/subduction zones along the Pacific Ocean called the “ring of fire”.

  9. Epicenter: Point on Earth’s surface Directly above the focus. Worst destruction is at this point. Focus: The underground starting point of an earthquake.

  10. Seismologists use seismographs to record the arrival time of P and S waves. • This info helps calculate the origin of the quake and its magnitude. Mercalli Scale: Your opinion on how the Earthquake felt to you. Richter Scale: A scale that assigns a number based on the amount of energy released. Measured by the seismograph.

  11. http://www.visitrockypoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/escala-de-richter.jpghttp://www.visitrockypoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/escala-de-richter.jpg

  12. Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks often have crystals Slow cooling causes “large” crystals to form Ex. Granite • Fast cooling forms “small” crystals • Ex. Basalt

  13. Sedimentary Rocks Process for making a sedimentary rock.. • Weathering- breaking down rocks and other material on Earth’s surface. • Erosion- movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity. 3. Deposition- sedimentdeposited (dropped) in layers. 4. Compaction- presses sediments together. 5. Cementation- dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediments together.

  14. Weathering: Process of breaking down rock by heat, cold, rain, wind, ice, or waves. Two kinds of weathering: • Mechanical: rock is physically broken into smaller pieces. Ex. grinding, crunching. • Chemical: breaking down of rock through chemical changes. Ex. acid rain Remember our lifesaver activity?

  15. Erosion=rock moves location

  16. Sedimentary Rock • Formation: • compacted and cementation

  17. Foliated- means the metamorphic rock has visible layers • Non-Foliated- means the metamorphic rock does not havevisible layers • “Metamorphic”- means “change of forms”. • Metamorphic rocks form from igneous rocks or sedimentary rocks that undergo extreme heat and pressure. • Change takes millions of years. Rocks can recrystallize and have chemical changes too.

  18. When a parent rock experiences EXTREME heat and pressure, it morphs into a new rock.

  19. MOLD Mold fossil –sediments bury an organism and the organism decays leaving a cavity/hole in the shape of the organism. CAST Cast fossil – forms when a mold fossil is filled with sand or mud that hardens into the shape of the organism. It creates a 3D image of what the organism looked like.

  20. Petrified fossil – “turning to stone” –this fossilforms when minerals soak into the buried remains and change them into rock. Ex: Petrified Wood

  21. Preserved fossil –when an entire organism or parts of organisms are trapped in ice, tar, or amber and are prevented from decaying. Remember Mr. Tollund?

  22. Carbonized fossil – “carbon film fossil” -forms when organisms or parts, like leaves, stems, flowers, fish, are pressed between layers of soft mud or clay that hardens squeezing out the decaying organism and leaving the carbon imprint in the rock.

  23. Trace fossil– forms when the mud or sand hardens to stone where a footprint, trail, or burrow of an organism was left behind.

  24. Law of Superposition- oldest rocks are further down and the youngest rocks are toward the top. Youngest Oldest

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