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Solar Occultation Satellite Science Team (SOSST) Meeting, Columbia, MD, 7-9 June 2005

Solar Occultation from Air and Space: Comparisons of Ozone, Aerosol, and Water Vapor Measurements by Solar Transmission and Other Techniques from Aircraft and Satellites.

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Solar Occultation Satellite Science Team (SOSST) Meeting, Columbia, MD, 7-9 June 2005

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  1. Solar Occultation from Air and Space: Comparisons of Ozone, Aerosol, and Water Vapor Measurements by Solar Transmission and Other Techniques from Aircraft and Satellites P. Russell1, J. Livingston2, B. Schmid3, J. Eilers1, R. Kolyer1, J. Redemann3, S. Ramirez3, J-H. Yee4, W. Swartz4, R. Shetter5, C. Trepte6, L. Thomason6, A. Risley, Jr.7, B. Wenny7, J. Zawodny6, W. Chu6, M. Pitts6, M. Avery6, J. Lumpe8, C. Randall9, M. Fromm10, K. Hoppel10, R. Bevilacqua10, M. Bittner11, T. Erbertseder11, R. McPeters12, E. V. Browell6, J. Kerr13, K. Lamb14, G. Diskin6, J. Podolske1 1NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 2SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 3Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 4Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 5National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 6NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 7SAIC, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 8Computational Physics, Inc., Springfield, VA 9Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 10Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 11DLR (German Aerospace Center), Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany 12NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 916, Greenbelt, MD 13Environment Canada, Cobble Hill, BC 14International Ozone Services, Inc., Toronto, ON P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005 Solar Occultation Satellite Science Team (SOSST) Meeting, Columbia, MD, 7-9 June 2005

  2. POAM III, SAGE III DC-8 Kiruna Edwards AFB Second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II) P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  3. POAM III, SAGE III DC-8 Kiruna Edwards AFB Second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II) Solar Occultation Sensors on DC-8 AATS-14 (Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer) DIAS (Direct-beam Irradiance Airborne Spectrometer) GAMS (Gas and Aerosol Monitoring System) P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  4. POAM III, SAGE III DC-8 Kiruna Edwards AFB Second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II) DC-8 Results Used in This Talk Solar Occultation Others AATS-14 DLH (Diode Laser Hygrometer) FastOz (LaRC chemiluminescent O3 sensor) DIAS DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar) GAMS P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  5. Results Used in This Talk POAM III, SAGE III DC-8 Kiruna Edwards AFB Others Solar Occultation Satellite GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) POAM IIISAGE III DC-8 Solar Occultation Others AATS-14 DLH (Diode Laser Hygrometer) FastOz (LaRC chemiluminescent O3 sensor) DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar) DIAS GAMS P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  6. Results in this talk are primarily from 3 papers in the SOLVE II/ VINTERSOL special issue of Atmos. Chem. Phys. Results from DC-8 flights & comparisons P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  7. Livingston et al. (ozone) Swartz et al. (ozone, aerosol from DIAS + …) Russell et al. (aerosol) Results in this talk are primarily from 3 papers in the SOLVE II/ VINTERSOL special issue of Atmos. Chem. Phys. Results from DC-8 flights & comparisons P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  8. Livingston et al. (ozone) Swartz et al. (ozone, aerosol from DIAS + …) Russell et al. (aerosol) Results in this talk are primarily from 3 papers in the SOLVE II/ VINTERSOL special issue of Atmos. Chem. Phys. Results from DC-8 flights & comparisons: Also: Current & future work on our SOSST task (water vapor & aerosol) P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  9. All 3 papers use results from AATS-14* on the DC-8 in SOLVE II *14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  10. AATS-14 measures transmission of the direct solar beam in 14 channels P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  11. Sunphotometer channel wavelengths in relation to atmospheric spectra Many channel wavelengths similar to SAGE III & POAM III P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  12. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 5, 243-286, 2005www.atmos-chem-phys.org/acpd/5/243/SRef-ID: 1680-7375/acpd/2005-5-243European Geosciences UnionRetrieval of ozone column content from airborne Sun photometer measurements during SOLVE II: comparison with coincident satellite and aircraft measurementsJ. M. Livingston, B. Schmid, P. B. Russell, J. A. Eilers, R. W. Kolyer, J. Redemann, S. A. Ramirez, J.-H. Yee, W. H. Swartz, C. R. Trepte, L. W. Thomason, M. C. Pitts, M. A. Avery, C. E. Randall, J. D. Lumpe, R. M. Bevilacqua, M. Bittner, T. Erbertseder, R. D. McPeters, R. E. Shetter, E. V. Browell, J. B. Kerr, and K. Lamb P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  13. Ozone Retrieval Method (Simplified) P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  14. Ozone retrieved from AATS at Mauna Loa Observatory compared to Brewer & Dobson P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005 Airmass>6(SZA>81°, typical of DC-8 in Arctic): RMS diff 1 to 2%

  15. Other DC-8 solar occultation sensors (DIAS, GAMS) Solar occultation satellite sensors (POAM III, SAGE III) Other satellite sensors (GOME, TOMS) Comparison of AATS-14 DC-8 ozone results to P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  16. AATS Ozone Retrievals compared to other DC-8 solar occultation sensors (DIAS & GAMS), 24 Jan 2003 P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005 RMS differences: 0.5% (GAMS-AATS), 2.3% (DIAS-AATS)

  17. AATS Ozone Retrievals compared to satellite solar occultation sensors (POAM III & SAGE III), 19-31 Jan 2003 P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  18. DC-8 flight track on TOMS & GOME ozone retrievals 21 Jan 2003 P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005 Ozone column, DU

  19. AATS Ozone Retrievals compared to GOME, TOMS & DIAS, 21 Jan 2003 P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005 RMS differences on 2 flights (GOME-AATS, TOMS-AATS), 2-4%

  20. DC-8 flight track on TOMS & GOME ozone retrievals 19-20 Dec 2003 P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  21. P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  22. AATS column latitudinal gradient is similar to that from TOMS & GOME, but some AATS column values exceed satellite values by up to 11% near the subtropical jet. Likely reason: variability unresolved by the satellite sensors. P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  23. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 611622, 2005www.atmos-chem-phys.org/acp/5/611/SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2005-5-611European Geosciences UnionColumn ozone and aerosol optical properties retrieved from direct solar irradiance measurements during SOLVE IIW. H. Swartz, J.-H. Yee, R. E. Shetter, S. R. Hall, B. L. Lefer, J. M. Livingston, P. B. Russell, E. V. Browell, and M. A. Avery P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  24. DIAS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) ozone retrievals compared to forward-modeled & AATS-retrieved, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003 6 DC-8 flights, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003 Model LOS O3 computed from O3 vertical profiles assembled from DC-8 DIAL, DC-8 in situ (FastOz), and POAM III AATS-DIAS differences: Mean -1.6% RMS 2.1% P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  25. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1311–1339, 2005www.atmos-chem-phys.org/acp/5/1311/SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2005-5-1311European Geosciences UnionAerosol optical depth measurements by airborne sun photometer in SOLVE II: Comparisons to SAGE III, POAM III and airborne spectrometer measurementsP. Russell, J. Livingston, B. Schmid, J. Eilers, R. Kolyer, J. Redemann, S. Ramirez, J.-H. Yee,W. Swartz, R. Shetter, C. Trepte, A. Risley Jr., B.Wenny, J. Zawodny,W. Chu, M. Pitts, J. Lumpe, M. Fromm, C. Randall, K. Hoppel, and R. Bevilacqua P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  26. Other DC-8 solar occultation aerosol sensor (DIAS) Solar occultation satellite sensors (POAM III, SAGE III) Comparison of AATS-14 DC-8 aerosol results to P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  27. AATS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) spectra compared to DIAS at 400 nm 4 flights 19-31 Jan 2003 10 periods on 6 DC-8 flights, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003 (DIAS-AATS)/AATS : Mean -2.3% RMS 7.7% P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  28. AATS vertical aerosol optical depth (AOD) spectra compared to POAM III spectra 4 POAM III occultations, 19 & 21 Jan 2003: (POAM-AATS)/AATS: RMS <31%, 440-1020 nm P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  29. AATS vertical aerosol optical depth (AOD) spectra compared to SAGE III spectra 4 SAGE III occultations, 19 - 31 Jan 2003: (SAGE-AATS)/AATS: RMS <33%, 440-755 nm, but 59% at 1020 nm 66% at 1545 nm P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  30. The larger AOD differences (those >33%) are associated with LOS transmission differences, rather than gas subtraction or conversion from LOS to vertical P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  31. P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  32. The differences between the POAM-AATS and SAGE-AATS comparisons are consistent with POAM-SAGE differences that persisted for several months including the SOLVE II period inside Arctic vortex POAM IIIv4 SAGE IIIv3.00 P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  33. Contributions to Pitts et al. (2005) GAMS analyses and comparisons AATS-DIAS aerosol scatter plot at 400 nm and extension to other wavelengths AATS Water vapor analyses and comparisons to POAM III and DLH Current and Future SOSST Work P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  34. Contributions to Pitts et al. (2005) GAMS analyses and comparisons AATS-DIAS aerosol scatter plot at 400 nm and extension to other wavelengths AATS Water vapor analyses and comparisons to POAM III and DLH Current and Future SOSST Work P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  35. DIAS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 400 nm compared to AATS, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003 The apparent bias between DIAS and AATS in many periods comes from DIAS and AATS using different ways to get Rayleigh LOS OT P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  36. DIAS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT)at 400 nm compared to AATS, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003 Rayleigh OT AATS, DIAS different AATS, DIAS same P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  37. Contributions to Pitts et al. (2005) GAMS analyses and comparisons AATS-DIAS aerosol scatter plot at 400 nm and extension to other wavelengths AATS Water vapor analyses and comparisons to POAM III and DLH Current and Future SOSST Work P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  38. Recently we have recalculated AATS-14 water vapor transmittances taking into account aircraft altitude, using LBLRTM V9.2 and a subarctic winter model atmosphere P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  39. Comparison of AATS and DLH Water Vapor on DC-8 Ascent out of Kiruna, 21 Jan 2003 P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

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  42. RMS differences: AATS Ground Tests AATS-Brewer/Dobson: 1 to 2% (SZA>81°, as on DC-8 Arctic flights). vs DC-8 Solar Occultation Sensors AATS-DIAS: 2.3%. AATS-GAMS: 0.5% (GAMS normalized to AATS). vs Satellite Solar Occultation Sensors AATS-POAM: 3%. AATS-SAGE: 7%. vs Other Satellite Sensors AATS-GOME, AATS-TOMS: 2 to 4% (except up to 11% near subtropical jet) Summary & Conclusions Ozone: P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  43. RMS differences: - AATS-Brewer/Dobson: 1-2% (airmass>6, as on DC-8 Arctic flights). - AATS-DIAS: 2.3%. AATS-GAMS: 0.5% (GAMS normalized to AATS). - AATS-POAM: 3%. AATS-SAGE: 7%. - AATS-GOME, AATS-TOMS: 2 to 4%(except up to 11% near subtropical jet) Summary & Conclusions Ozone: Aerosol: • RMS differences: - AATS-DIAS, 400 nm: 8.5% (different Rayleigh), 2.4% (same Rayleigh). - AATS-POAM: ≤31% (440-1020 nm). - AATS-SAGE: ≤33% (<755 nm), 59% (1020 nm), 66% (1545 nm). ▪ Larger AATS-SAGE differences are consistent w SAGE-POAM differences: POAM systematically > SAGE in 2002-3 northern winter. P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  44. RMS differences: - AATS-Brewer/Dobson: 1-2% (airmass>6, as on DC-8 Arctic flights). - AATS-DIAS: 2.3%. AATS-GAMS: 0.5% (GAMS normalized to AATS). - AATS-POAM: 3%. AATS-SAGE: 7%. - AATS-GOME, AATS-TOMS: 2 to 4% (except up to 11% near subtropical jet) Summary & Conclusions Ozone: Aerosol: • RMS differences: - AATS-DIAS, 400 nm: 8.5% (different Rayleigh), 2.4% (same Rayleigh). - AATS-POAM: ≤31% (440-1020 nm). - AATS-SAGE: ≤33% (<755 nm), 59% (1020 nm), 66% (1545 nm). ▪ Larger AATS-SAGE differences are consistent w SAGE-POAM differences: POAM systematically > SAGE in 2002-3 northern winter. Water vapor: • RMS differences: - Profiles, AATS-DLH: 23% (q > 0.1 g m-3), ~0.02 g m-3(q < 0.1 g m-3). - Column, AATS-POAM: ~0.007 g m-2(~60%). P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  45. Contribute to Pitts et al. (2005) GAMS analyses and comparisons Publish AATS-DIAS aerosol scatter plots, including extension to other wavelengths Publish AATS Water vapor analyses, including comparisons to POAM III and DLH Current and Future Directions for our SOSST Task P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

  46. End of Presentation(Remaining slides are backup) P. Russell et al., SOSST Meeting Columbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

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