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Blackout in Sweden and Eastern Part of Denmark 2003-09-23

Blackout in Sweden and Eastern Part of Denmark 2003-09-23. Sture Lindahl 2003-1 0 - 05 Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation sture.lindahl@iea.lth.se. The Nordel System. The Affected Region. Outage Cost. Interrupted power  5 000 MW Average outage time  4 hours

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Blackout in Sweden and Eastern Part of Denmark 2003-09-23

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  1. Blackout in Sweden andEastern Part of Denmark2003-09-23 Sture Lindahl 2003-10-05 Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation sture.lindahl@iea.lth.se

  2. The Nordel System Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  3. The Affected Region Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  4. Outage Cost • Interrupted power  5 000 MW • Average outage time  4 hours • Outage cost  50 SEK/kWh • Total outage cost  1000 MSEK Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  5. Consumption in Sweden • Before outage  15 000 MW • Winter peak 25 000 - 27 000 MW • Section-4 power flow 2 200 MW Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  6. Situation before Disturbance Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  7. Generation Outages Gx G1 & G2 G1, G2 & G3 G1 & G2 Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  8. Transmission Outages Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  9. The First Event (12:30) • The nuclear unit Oskarshamn G3 was ramped down from 1 135 MW to zero because of a problem with a valve in the feed-water system. • The ramping down of Oskarshamn G3 was initiated manually • The reduction of power took about one minute Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  10. The First Event (12:30) G3 Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  11. The System Frequency Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  12. The System Frequency Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  13. The Second Event (12:35) • A disconnector in the 400 kV substation Horred failed (reason unknown) and caused a two-phase fault • Correct clearing of the fault was initiated from the busbar protection • The circuit breakers operated correctly Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  14. R R T R Varmgång Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA Bilaga 3

  15. Damaged Disconnector Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  16. Damaged Disconnector Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  17. The Second Event (12:35) Busbar Fault Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  18. The Second Event (12:35) Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  19. Voltage Level Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  20. Voltage Level Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  21. Voltage Level Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  22. Voltage Level Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  23. Power Flow Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  24. Power Flow Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  25. Power Flow Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  26. Power Flow Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  27. Tap Changers Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  28. Tap Changers Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  29. Tap Changers Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  30. Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  31. The System Frequency Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  32. The System Frequency Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  33. What we saw of the black-out Voltages and frequency recorded on 23 September 2003 at Chalmers (Math Bollen, 24-9-2003)

  34. First a few words about the measurements. These measurements were obtained by two different instruments at two different locations in our building. a Medcal monitor connected to the wall-outlet in my office (single phase). This monitor records min, mean and max every minute. Upon triggering a two-cycle sample of the waveform is obtained. a Unipower monitor connected to the main busbar in our laboratory (three phases). This monitor records min, mean and max every minute. Upon triggering a 2.5-second record of the rms voltages is stored. The clocks of the two monitors are not synchronous. The main voltage dip (12:35 according to SvK) had the following time stamps: Medcal: 12:41:06 Unipower: 12:31:11 Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  35. 0.5-cycle rms voltages during and after the main dip oscillation points to instability! normal dip due to two-phase-to-ground fault time stamp: 12:31:11 Unipower Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  36. rms voltages six seconds later cause of dips is unclear. time stamp: 12:31:17 Unipower Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  37. frequency recordings during the whole afternoon: the three curves show maximum, minimum and average over each 1-minute period the main disturbance around 12:30 minor disturbance around 18:00 MedCal Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  38. This shows the frequency variations during the first disturbance in more detail the main dip was recorded here loss of South Sweden frequency remains high due to loss of load loss of Oskarhamn 3 loss of Ringhals 3+4 MedCal Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  39. Recordings from Odensala Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  40. Voltage Restoration • The 400 kV network was essentially restored after 1 hour Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  41. Genopretningen minut for minut 12.38 Elkraft System forbereder at sætte spænding på hele højspændingsnettet 13.20 Elkraft System venter på, at Kyndbyværket starter 13.41 Vi får tilladelse til at koble os til Sverige – men kun med et meget lille forbrug (max. 200 MW) 13.46 Østdanmark kobler til Sverige. Højspændingsnettet er i gang Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  42. Genopretningen minut for minut 13.54 Elkraft System giver tilladelse til, at en del af forbrugerne får strøm igen: • Københavns Energi kan tilkoble forbrugere svarende til 50 MW • NESA kan tilkoble forbrugere svarende til 50 MW • SEAS kan tilkoble forbrugere svarende til 25 MW • NVE kan tilkoble forbrugere svarende til 25 MW Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  43. Genopretningen minut for minut 14.15 Første kraftværksblok kører igen (Kyndbyværket) 14.16 Svenska Kraftnät melder, at vi kun må trække 100 MW fra Sverige 14.31 Asnæsværket blok 5 forsøger at starte, men kan ikke. Asnæsværket blok 2 forsøges herefter startet 14.53 Stigsnæsværket blok 2 havarerer ved opstart 14.57 Gasturbine på Masnedø kommer i gang (55 MW) Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  44. Genopretningen minut for minut 15.00 Københavns Energi får lov at give ekstra10 procent af forbrugerne strøm 15.22 Gasturbine på Kyndbyværket kommer i gang 15.25 Yderligere 10 procent af forbrugerne hos SEAS tilkobles 15.29 Endnu en gasturbine på Kyndbyværket kommer i gang 16.42 Københavns Energi får tilladelse til at give DSB’s fjerntog strøm Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  45. Genopretningen minut for minut 16.57 Systemet er stabilt nok, til at vindmøllerne gradvist kan tilkobles 18.18 En dieselgenerator på Kyndbyværket sætter ud 18.25 Asnæsværket blok 2 kommer i gang 18.33 Asnæsværket blok 5 havarerer ved opstart og er ikke kommet i gang endnu 19.05 NVE, NESA, KE og SEAS får tilladelse til at tilkoble resten af forbrugerne Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  46. Conclusion • Outage of 20% of Sweden • Outage of 50% of Denmark • Voltage restoration time 1 hour • Load restoration was depending on start-up time of generating units • Outage cost about 1 000 MSEK Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

  47. Additional Information http://www.elkraft-system.dk/elkraft/dk/Nyheder.nsf http//www.svk.se/ http://www.abebooks.com/ Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA

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