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Magnetically Levitated Trains

Magnetically Levitated Trains. Question:. Suppose you have a long bar magnet with a north pole at one end and a south pole at the other. If you break it in half, will the two new ends: Attract Repel Neither. Observations About Maglev Trains. Ordinary trains rattle on their rails

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Magnetically Levitated Trains

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  1. Magnetically Levitated Trains

  2. Question: Suppose you have a long bar magnet with a north pole at one end and a south pole at the other. If you break it in half, will the two new ends: • Attract • Repel • Neither

  3. Observations About Maglev Trains • Ordinary trains rattle on their rails • Magnetic suspension would be nice and soft • Repelling magnets tend to fall off one another • Attracting magnets tend to leap at each other

  4. Magnetic Poles • Two types: north & south • Like poles repel, opposites attract • Forces consist of a matched pair • Forces increase with decreasing separation • Analogous to electric charges EXCEPT: • No isolated magnetic poles ever found! • Net pole on an object is always zero!

  5. Question: Suppose you have a long bar magnet with a north pole at one end and a south pole at the other. If you break it in half, will the two new ends: • Attract • Repel • Neither

  6. Magnetic Fields • A magnetic field is a structure in space that pushes on magnetic pole • The magnitude of the field is proportional to the magnitude of the force on a test pole • The direction of the field is the direction of the force on a north test pole

  7. Electromagnetism 1 • Electric fields • Push only on electric charges • Produced by electric charges • Can be produced by changing magnetism • Magnetic fields • Push only on magnetic poles • Produced by magnetic poles • Can be produced by changing electricity

  8. Electromagnetism 2 • Magnetism created by • Poles (but isolated poles don’t seem to exist) • Moving electric charges • Changing electric fields • Electricity created by • Charges • Moving magnetic poles • Changing magnetic fields

  9. Current • Current measures the electric charge passing through a region per unit of time • Current is measured in coulombs/second or amperes (amps) • Electric fields cause currents to flow • Currents are magnetic

  10. Equilibrium • Stable equilibrium • Zero net force at equilibrium • Accelerates toward equilibrium when disturbed • Unstable equilibrium • Zero net force at equilibrium • accelerates away from equilibrium when disturbed • Neutral equilibrium • Zero net force at or near equilibrium

  11. Levitation & Stability • Unstable Levitation Schemes • Static permanent magnets • Stable Levitation Schemes • Permanent magnets and contact • Dynamic stabilization with permanent magnets • Electromagnets and Feedback

  12. Electromagnetic Induction • Changing magnetic field  electric field • Electric field in conductor  current • Current  magnetic field • Induced magnetic field opposes the original magnetic field change (Lenz’s law)

  13. Levitation & Stability • Unstable Levitation Schemes • Static permanent magnets • Stable Levitation Schemes • Permanent magnets and contact • Dynamic stabilization with permanent magnets • Electromagnets and Feedback • Alternating Current Levitation

  14. Alternating Current Levitation

  15. Levitation & Stability • Unstable Levitation Schemes • Static permanent magnets • Stable Levitation Schemes • Permanent magnets and contact • Dynamic stabilization with permanent magnets • Electromagnets and Feedback • Alternating Current Levitation • Electrodynamic Levitation

  16. Electrodynamic Levitation

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