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Safety Contracts

Safety Contracts. Goggles, no contacts on Dissection Night NO FOOD OR DRINK, EVER NO OPEN-TOED SHOES, EVER. Exercise 1. The Language of Anatomy. BIO210 Objectives = Study Guide. Textbook’s Website.

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Safety Contracts

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  1. Safety Contracts • Goggles, no contacts on Dissection Night • NO FOOD OR DRINK, EVER • NO OPEN-TOED SHOES, EVER

  2. Exercise 1 The Language of Anatomy

  3. BIO210 Objectives = Study Guide

  4. Textbook’s Website • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073378194/student_view0/chapter1/labeling_exercises.html#

  5. Anatomical Position • Universally accepted standard position • Body terminology refers to it • “body is erect, feet slightly apart, head and toes forward, arms hanging at the sides, palms FACING FORWARD”

  6. Prone vs. Supine • Supine • Anatomical position…palms to front • Prone • Palms to rear Fig. 9-4

  7. Directional Terms • Medial • Toward the midline of the body • Lateral • To the side

  8. Directional Terms • Superficial • Toward the surface (example: skin) • Deep • Toward the inside (example: organs)

  9. Directional Terms Superior (cephalad) Figure 1.2 Anatomical terminology describing body orientation and direction. Posterior (dorsal) Anterior (ventral) Superior (dorsal) Proximal Posterior (caudal) Anterior (cephalad) Distal Inferior (ventral) Inferior (caudal)

  10. Regions of the Body • Cephalic…………..head • Cervical…………...neck • Vertebral………….spinal column • Caudal…………….toward tail/posterior

  11. Regions of the Body • Appendicular • limbs & their attachments to the body axis • Axial • body axis (head, neck, trunk)

  12. Body Landmarks by Region

  13. Cephalic Cephalic Otic Frontal Occipital Orbital Nasal Buccal Upper limb Oral Cervical Acromial • Facial (on face) • Nasal………………nose • Buccal…………….cheek • Oral………………..mouth • Orbital…………….bony eye socket • Cranial (surrounding brain) • Frontal……………forehead (anterior) • Occipital…………back of head (posterior) • Parietal…………..upper side • Temporal………..lower side Mental Brachial Cervical Antecubital Olecranal Thoracic Dorsum Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy. Antebrachial Sternal Scapular Carpal Axillary Mammary Vertebral Abdominal Lumbar Umbilical Sacral Manus (hand) Pelvic Pollex Inguinal Gluteal Palmar Digital Perineal Lower limb Coxal Pubic Femoral Patellar Popliteal Crural Sural Fibular or peroneal Thorax Pedal (foot) Abdomen Tarsal Calcaneal Back (Dorsum) Digital Plantar Hallux Anterior/Ventral Posterior/Dorsal

  14. Thoracic (chest) • Sternal………sternum • Costal……………..ribs • Abdominopelvic (abdomen + pelvis) • Abdominal…anterior trunk, inferior to ribs • Inguinal…….groin • Umbilical…..navel • Pelvic………pelvis • Gluteal……..buttocks • Coxal……….hip • Pubic……….genital Cephalic Cephalic Otic Frontal Occipital Orbital Nasal Buccal Upper limb Oral Cervical Acromial Mental Brachial Cervical Antecubital Olecranal Thoracic Dorsum Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy. Antebrachial Sternal Scapular Carpal Axillary Mammary Vertebral Abdominal Lumbar Umbilical Sacral Manus (hand) Pelvic Pollex Inguinal Gluteal Palmar Digital Perineal Lower limb Coxal Pubic Femoral Patellar Popliteal Crural Sural Fibular or peroneal Thorax Pedal (foot) Abdomen Tarsal Calcaneal Back (Dorsum) Digital Plantar Hallux Anterior/Ventral Posterior/Dorsal

  15. Inferior Spine • Lumbar……..back, between ribs and hips • Sacral……….back, between the hips Cephalic Cephalic Otic Frontal Occipital Orbital Nasal Buccal Upper limb Oral Cervical Acromial Mental Brachial Cervical Antecubital Olecranal Thoracic Dorsum Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy. Antebrachial Sternal Scapular Carpal Axillary Mammary Vertebral Abdominal Lumbar Umbilical Sacral Manus (hand) Pelvic Pollex Inguinal Gluteal Palmar Digital Perineal Lower limb Coxal Pubic Femoral Patellar Popliteal Crural Sural Fibular or peroneal Thorax Pedal (foot) Abdomen Tarsal Calcaneal Back (Dorsum) Digital Plantar Hallux Anterior/Ventral Posterior/Dorsal

  16. Cephalic Cephalic Otic Frontal Occipital Orbital Nasal Buccal Upper limb Oral Cervical Acromial Mental Brachial Cervical Antecubital Olecranal Thoracic Dorsum Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy. Antebrachial Sternal Scapular Carpal Axillary Mammary Vertebral Abdominal Lumbar PECTORAL • Axillary……………armpit • Acromial………….point of shoulder • Scapular………….shoulder blade • Deltoid……………upper shoulder/arm Umbilical Sacral Manus (hand) Pelvic Pollex Inguinal Gluteal Palmar Digital Perineal Lower limb Coxal Pubic Femoral Patellar Popliteal Crural Sural Fibular or peroneal Thorax Pedal (foot) Abdomen Tarsal Calcaneal Back (Dorsum) Digital Plantar Hallux Anterior/Ventral Posterior/Dorsal

  17. Cephalic Cephalic Otic Frontal Occipital Orbital Nasal Buccal Upper limb Oral Cervical Acromial Mental Brachial Cervical Antecubital Olecranal Thoracic Dorsum Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy. Antebrachial Sternal Scapular Carpal Axillary Mammary Vertebral Abdominal Lumbar Umbilical Sacral Manus (hand) Pelvic Pollex Inguinal Gluteal Palmar Digital Perineal Lower limb SUPERIOR APPENDAGES • Brachial…………upper arm • Antebrachial……forearm • Olecranal………..elbow • Carpal……………wrist • Manual…………...hand • Palmar……………palm of hand • Digital…………….digits=fingers Coxal Pubic Femoral Patellar Popliteal Crural Sural Fibular or peroneal Thorax Pedal (foot) Abdomen Tarsal Calcaneal Back (Dorsum) Digital Plantar Hallux Anterior/Ventral Posterior/Dorsal

  18. INFERIOR APPENDAGES • Femoral………..thigh • Patellar………...anterior knee • Tibial…………...medial calf • Fibular…………lateral calf • Tarsal………….ankle • Calcaneal……..heel of foot • Pedal…………..foot • Plantar………...sole of foot • Digital………….digits=toes Cephalic Cephalic Otic Frontal Occipital Orbital Nasal Buccal Upper limb Oral Cervical Acromial Mental Brachial Cervical Antecubital Olecranal Thoracic Dorsum Figure 1.1 Surface anatomy. Antebrachial Sternal Scapular Carpal Axillary Mammary Vertebral Abdominal Lumbar Umbilical Sacral Manus (hand) Pelvic Pollex Inguinal Gluteal Palmar Digital Perineal Lower limb Coxal Pubic Femoral Patellar Popliteal Crural Sural Fibular or peroneal Thorax Pedal (foot) Abdomen Tarsal Calcaneal Back (Dorsum) Digital Plantar Hallux Anterior/Ventral Posterior/Dorsal

  19. Figure 1.3 Planes of the body with corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Planes of Sectioning Frontal plane • Longitudinal sections • Sagittal planes • Divides into right & left • Midsaggital plane • Equal right & left halves • Frontal or coronal planes • Divides into anterior & posterior Median (midsagittal) plane Transverse plane Transverse section (through torso, inferior view) Median (midsagittal) section Frontal section (through torso) Spinal cord Pancreas Left and right lungs Liver Heart Liver Intestines Vertebral column Aorta Rectum Spleen Arm Subcutaneous fat layer Body wall Stomach

  20. Figure 1.3 Planes of the body with corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Planes of Sectioning Frontal plane • Cross sections • Horizontal or transverse planes • Divides into superior & inferior • Oblique planes • Divide at an angle • Helps relate models and figures to the body as a whole Median (midsagittal) plane Transverse plane Transverse section (through torso, inferior view) Median (midsagittal) section Frontal section (through torso) Spinal cord Pancreas Left and right lungs Liver Heart Liver Intestines Vertebral column Aorta Rectum Spleen Arm Subcutaneous fat layer Body wall Stomach

  21. Figure 1.4 Objects can look odd when viewed in section. Cross section Midsagittal section Frontal sections

  22. Figure 1.5 Dorsal and ventral body cavities and their subdivisions. Body cavities & organs Cranial cavity Cranial cavity (contains brain) Vertebral cavity Superior mediastinum Dorsal body cavity Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs) Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord) Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Abdomino- pelvic cavity Pelvic cavity (contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity • Thoracic • heart, trachea, lungs, esophagus • Abdominopelvic • stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, adrenal glands, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, prostate gland Anterior view Lateral view • Cranial • brain, pituitary gland • Spinal/Vertebral • spinal cord

  23. Serous membranes • Produce serous fluid • Lubricate organs • Movement without friction • Compartmentalize organs to help infections from spreading

  24. Figure 1.6 Serous membranes of the ventral body cavities. Serous membranes • Double-layered membranes • Parietal layer • Lines body cavity walls • Visceral layer • Covers external surface of the organ within that cavity Parietal peritoneum Parietal pleura Visceral peritoneum Visceral pleura Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium

  25. Serous membranes • Pericardium • Surrounds the heart • Pleura(e) • Surrounds the lungs • Peritoneum • Surrounds abdominopelvic organs Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.

  26. Study, Learn it! QUIZ each other! • Timed, Open-notes quiz tonight over this • Last 10 minutes of lab (1 min per question) • Questions about content or labelling diagrams, on ppt • Usually, we’ll have the lab at the very beginning of lab • Arrive on time, or you’ll miss it! • Quiz will cover the previous night’s material • Labelling Diagrams or Photos of Models • Learn it during lab, go home and study it

  27. Figure 1.8 Abdominopelvic regions. Diaphragm Liver Right hypochondriac region Left hypochondriac region Epigastric region Spleen Gallbladder Stomach Transverse colon of large intestine Ascending colon of large intestine Right lumbar region Left lumbar region Umbilical region Descending colon of large intestine Small intestine Cecum Initial part of sigmoid colon Left iliac (inguinal) region Right iliac (inguinal) region Hypogastric (pubic) region Appendix Urinary bladder

  28. Figure 1.9 Other body cavities. Middle ear cavity Orbital cavity (orbit) Synovial cavity in a joint between neck vertebrae Nasal cavity Fibrous layer around joint Oral cavity (mouth) Tongue

  29. Review Figure 1.1

  30. Review Figure 1.2

  31. Review Figure 1.2a

  32. Review Figure 1.2b

  33. Review Figure 1.2c

  34. Review Figure 1.3

  35. Review Figure 1.4

  36. Review Figure 1.5 Body cavities 3 cavity 1 Dorsal body cavity (superior) 4 cavity (inferior) 5 cavity 2 Ventral body cavity (superior) 7 cavity cavity 6 (inferior) (superior) cavity 8 (inferior)

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