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SPIN at COSY and beyond

SPIN at COSY and beyond. September 28, 2010 Frank Rathmann 19 th International Spin Physics Symposium Jülich, Germany. Topics. Introduction Past and present : Precision experiments with polarization Measurement of h- mass

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SPIN at COSY and beyond

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  1. SPIN at COSY andbeyond September 28, 2010 Frank Rathmann 19th International Spin Physics Symposium Jülich, Germany

  2. Topics • Introduction • Pastandpresent: Precision experimentswithpolarization • Measurement ofh-mass • Double polarizednpscattering • Immediate Future: • Physicsusinglongitudinallypolarizedbeams • Towardspolarizedantiprotons • Far Future: • Time Reversalinvariance Test • SearchforElectric Dipole Moments • Summary 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  3. Mission of COSY • COSY isthespin-physicsfacilityusing hadronic probes: • Providebeams, targetsanddetectorsto national and international communityforexperiments in hadron physics • Build „demonstrator“ equipmentandperformtestsfor PANDA / HESR / FAIR • Investigatenewideasfor FAIR upgrades • Developfutureoptionsfor COSY 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  4. COSY: Machine parameters WASA Energy range: 0.045 – 2.8 GeV (p) 0.023 – 2.3 GeV (d) Max. momentum ~ 3.7 GeV/c Energy variation (ramping mode) Electron and Stochastic cooling Internal and external beam High polarisation (p,d) Spin manipulation ANKE p, d PAX TOF 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  5. Pastandpresentphysicsat COSY: Twoexamples Precision determinationofh-mass Double polarizednpscattering 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  6. COSY: Precision determination of h-mass New Beam Momentum Determination at COSY Artificialspinresonanceat COSY: • Inducedby a horizontal magneticrf-field (solenoid) • Depolarizationof a verticallypolarizeddeuteron beam • Measurement ofthe (fixed) beam momentumpdby • determinationoftherevolutionfrequencyf0 ± 6 Hz • determinationoftheresonancefrequencyfr± 15 Hz • Reachedaccuracy: Dpd= 170 keV/c atpd~ 3100 MeV/c •  uncertainty of h-mass Dmh = ±40 keV/c2 rfsolenoidatthe COSY beam line solenoidfrequencyfr See talk by A. Khoukaz 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  7. np charge-exchange d/d np forward np charge-exchange Ayy np forward COSY: Double polarized np npdatabase • Current experimental status of np data: • ANKE is able to improve np data • Constraints on np amplitudes(PINTEX and EDDA for pp system) 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  8. → • dp→(pp)1S0n • np charge exchange measures directly magnitudes of differences of pp and np elastic amplitudes • Small excitation energies in pp 1S0 state • Spin-flip from 3S1,3D1 of d to 1S0 of pp. Data sensitive to spin-flip, isospin-flip. COSY: Double polarized np → n → → d ↑n p D ↑p ↑psp ↓p 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  9. COSY: Tools for double polarized np at ANKE STT 1 STT 2 → STT ANKE PIT 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  10. COSY: PIT at ANKE Atomic Beam Source (ABS)Polarised H (D) gas in the cell • Qy = 0, -1, +1. • Density ~1013 cm-2 • Cell: 20 x 15 x 370 mm3 • Lamb-shift Polarimetry See talk by Max Mikirtychyants 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  11. → dp→(pp)1S0n COSY: Double polarized np D.Chiladze et al. PLB 637 (2006) dp→(pp)n Tn = 900 MeV dp→(pp)n Tn = 1150 MeV dp→(pp)n Tn = 600 MeV First results: Proof of principle dp→(pp)n Tn = 800 MeV • Testing of method at Td=1.2GeV • Diff. cross section • Tensor analyzing p. Axx and Azz • High energy data available Td=1.6, 1.8, 2.3 GeV) D. Chiladze et al., EPJA 40 (2009) See talk by D. Mchedlishvili → dp→(pp)n Tn = 600 MeV dp→(pp)n Tn = 600 MeV → 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  12. COSY: Double polarized np First results: Spin correlations → → dp→(pp)n Tn = 600 MeV → → dp→(pp)1S0n • Testing of method at Td=1.2GeV • Analysis for spin correlations at high energy datain progress(Td=1.6, 1.8, 2.27 GeV) • Future: Study np in pdcollisionsbydetectionofspectatorprotons Bugg & Wilkin NPA467 (1987) for Epp< 3 MeV See talk by D. Chiladze 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  13. Immediatefuture: Twoexamples Physicsusinglongitudinallypolarizedbeams Towardspolarizedantiprotons 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  14. δ p n π+ δ p p p p π- δ p n Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams: Pion production Derive chiral three-body forces from p-wave production • Very different kinematics,but same δ: consistency check of ChPT forNN→NNπ • Model-independent extraction from ANKE data pn→{pp}sπ- • Spin structure of the pn→{pp}sπ- (or pp→{pp}sπ0) defined only by two spin amplitudes (6 for pp→dπ+) Role of 4Nπ contact term π pd elastic(RIKEN, KVI, ...) C. Hanhart et al., PRL 85 (2000) 2905 1S0 → 3S1p (IUCF) (3S1 – 3D1) → 1S0p(unknown) 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  15. Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams: Pion production Derive chiral three-body forces from p-wave production • Very different kinematics,but same δ: consistency check of ChPT forNN→NNπ • Model-independent extraction from ANKE data pn→{pp}sπ- • Spin structure of the pn→{pp}sπ- (or pp→{pp}sπ0) defined only by two spin amplitudes (6 for pp→dπ+) C. Hanhart et al., PRL 85 (2000) 2905 See talks by V. Baruand S. Dymov RequiresSiberiansnake 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  16. Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams: Snake Concept • Shouldallowfor flexible useattwolocations • Fast ramping (< 30s) • Cryogen-freesystem ANKE ANKE PAX PAX See talk byB. Lorentz 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  17. PAX: Towardspolarizedantiprotons QCD Physics at FAIR uses unpolarized Antiprotons HESR Physics Case: Transversity distribution of the nucleon in Drell-Yan: • Last leading-twist missing piece of the QCD description of the partonic structure of the nucleon • Direct measurement of h1q(x,Q2) of the proton for valence quarks(ATT in Drell-Yan >0.2) • transversely polarized proton beam or target () • transversely polarized antiproton beam () • + other polarization observables in pp PAX→ Polarized Antiprotons 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  18. PAX: Towardspolarizedantiprotons Productionofpolarization in a stored beamTwoMethods: Loss versus spinflip For an ensembleofspin ½ particleswithprojections+() and– () See talk by D. Oellers 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  19. PAX: Towardspolarizedantiprotons Spin-filteringat TSR: „FILTEX“ – proof-of-principle Experimental Setup F. Rathmann et al., PRL 71, 1379 (1993) Spin filteringworksforprotons PAX submitted new proposal to find out how well does spin filtering work for antiprotons: Measurement ofthe Spin-Dependenceofthe pp Interaction atthe AD Ring (CERN-SPSC-2009-012 / SPSC-P-337) 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  20. PAX: Towardspolarizedantiprotons Spin-filtering studies at COSY Main purpose: 1. Commissioning of the experimental setup for AD 2. Quantitative understanding of the machine parameters • Phases of COSY installation: • July 2009: Installation of quadrupole magnets () • July 2010: Installation of rest of equipment () • After July 2010: Spin-filtering studies with protons (…) Target chamberwithstoragecellanddetectorsystem COSY-Quadupoles ABS BRP Low-βquadrupoles See talk by Chr. Weidemann 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  21. PAX: Towardspolarizedantiprotons Goal: Identifymachineparametersthatlimit beam lifetime Recentresult: Increaseof beam emittance achievedbytiltingofelectron cooler beam • High beam lifetimesrequire: • optimizedclosedorbit • low residual gas in machine • optimizedelectron cooler setup beam lifetime (s) In case intra-beam scattering poses a limitation, increase of beam emittance should increase lifetime! (Touschek) 2 beam emittance ( mm mrad) Thanksto J. Dietrich and V. Kamderdziev 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  22. PAX: Towardspolarizedantiprotons PAX at the AD (the only place worldwide) Siberian snake Electron cooler PAX target section 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  23. PAX: Towardspolarizedantiprotons Expectedpolarizations after filteringfortwolifetimes transverse longitudinal A D See talks by J. HaidenbauerandYu. Uzikov 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  24. PAX: Towardspolarizedantiprotons Expectedpolarizations acc= 10 mrad 20 mrad 30 mrad See talk by Sergey Salnikov 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  25. PAX: Towardspolarizedantiprotons Experimental setup • Low-ß section • AtomicBeam Source • Breit-Rabi polarimeter • Openablestoragecell • Si trackingtelescopes See talk by Giuseppe Ciullo 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  26. Future: Twoexamples • Time Reversalinvariance Test • SearchforElectric Dipole Moments 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  27. IBeam time Future: Time Reversal Invariance Test COSY-TRIC: P-even, T-odd COSY used as accelerator and detector: Total polarization correlation coefficient Ay,xzleads to relative difference of current slopes PAX Milestone: Operation of Precision BCT with I/I<10-4 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  28. Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments Mysteryof matter-antimatter asymmetry Electricdipolemoment (EDM) A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and time reversal symmetry (T). Assuming CPT to hold, the combined symmetry CP is violated as well. 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  29. Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments Mysteryof matter-antimatter asymmetry EDM searches - onlyupperlimitsuptonow: p + n + (pNN) Hugeeffortsunderwaytoimprovelimits / find EDMs SensitivitytoNEW PHYSICS beyondthestandard Model 485. WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406, 2011) SearchforElectric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage RingsOrganizers: H. Ströher and F. Rathmann 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  30. Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments Mysteryof matter-antimatter asymmetry NEW: EDM search in time developmentofspinin a storage ring: “Freeze“ horizontal spinprecession; watch fordevelopmentof a verticalcomponent! A magicstorage ring forprotons (electrostatic), deuterons, … Onemachinewith r ~ 30 m 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  31. Future: Search for Electric Dipole Moments Mysteryof matter-antimatter asymmetry 2 beamssimultaneouslyrotating in a ring (CW, CCW) ApprovedBNL-Proposal:Goal forprotons Technological challenges ! Circumference ~ 200 m • Spin coherence time (1000 s) • Beam positioning (10 nm) • Continuouspolarimetry (< 1ppm) • E - fieldgradients (~ 17MV/m at 2 cm) Carry out proofofprincipleexperiments (demonstrators) atCOSY 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  32. Future: A pilotexperimentat COSY Proofofprincipletestfor EDM searches in storage rings  Combinationof a snakeand RF fields Snake Snakeonly Siberiansnaketurnsclosedorbit longitudinal oppositethesake 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  33. Future: A pilotexperimentat COSY RF E-field RF E-field Snake • Snake + RF E-field, odd turns 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  34. Future: A pilotexperimentat COSY RF E-field RF E-field Snake • Snake + RF E-field, even turns 2 Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  35. Future: A pilotexperimentat COSY RF E-field RF E-field Snake • Parameters of a proton EDM measurement: • Tp=140 MeV • ERF=1 MV/m, Lcavity=0.5 m • Time ofstore24h  6.31010turns • =1 10-7 rad • Sensitivity: • dp=10-17ecm  p=5.9 105s • dp=10-18ecm  p=5.9 107 s 2 P(n) dp=10-18ecm dp=10-17ecm n (numberofturns) 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

  36. Summary • Precision experimentswithpolarization • ηmassdetermination • polarization observables in npelastic • Buildsnakefor COSY, essential forfuturephysics • delta-term in pion production (chiral three-bodyforce) Makepolarizedantiprotonsusingthe AD of CERN • Pick up D. Eversheimsideafortime reversalinvariancetest • polarizedtarget • develophighprecision BCT (<10-4) • Future: Focus on EDM searches • carry out proof-of-principleexperimentat COSY • contributeto BNL effortforpEDM ring • design all-in-onemachinefor p, d and3He 19th International Spin Physics Symposium

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