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LANDERS FOR GALILEAN SATELLITES ZIGZAG HISTORY OF THE ENDEAVOUR

Laplace-Ganymede lander mission. LANDERS FOR GALILEAN SATELLITES ZIGZAG HISTORY OF THE ENDEAVOUR. LEV ZELENYI and OLEG KORABLEV. 05 March , 2013. Missions to the Jupiter System I. VOYAGER !!!! Galileo (1989-2003) JUNO polar orbiter launched Aug.2011

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LANDERS FOR GALILEAN SATELLITES ZIGZAG HISTORY OF THE ENDEAVOUR

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  1. Laplace-Ganymede lander mission LANDERS FOR GALILEAN SATELLITESZIGZAG HISTORY OF THE ENDEAVOUR LEV ZELENYI and OLEG KORABLEV 05 March ,2013

  2. Missions to the Jupiter System I • VOYAGER !!!! • Galileo (1989-2003) • JUNO polar orbiter launched Aug.2011 • Since 1996: ~20 cancelled proposals: • Europa Orbiter (NASA 2002) • Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO, NASA 2005) • Jovian Europa Orbiter (JEO, ESA 2007) Around 2007: • NASA: Jupiter Europa orbiter mission (Flagship) + - SURFACE ELEMENT ?? • ESA: Laplace (L-Class)

  3. Missions to the Jupiter System II • NASA: Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO), planned to study Europa and Io. • ESA: Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter (JGO), planned to study Ganymede and Callisto • JAXA: Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter (JMO), planned to study Jupiter's magnetosphere. • Roscosmos: Europa Lander, planned to land on Europa's surface for in situ studies. EJSM Europa Jupiter System Mission : 2008

  4. EUROPA LANDER RUSSIAN SPACE AGENCY RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ICE COVER “Without a surface element, EJSM is just preparatory for a very future mission with goals really related to ASTROBIOLOGY” Olga Prieto-Ballesteros Космос для человечества

  5. WHY LANDER ?? • SOVIET EXPERIENCE IN SOFT LANDINGS (MOSTLY LAVOCHKIN ASSOCIATION ACHIEVMENTS) 1. MOON • first automatic return of lunar samples--3 • first lunar rover -2 • 2. MARS • -No successful landings • 3. VENUS ! • FIRST AND LAST LANDINGS BY SOVIET VENERA”s • 4. Preparations for PHOBOS Landing

  6. Luna 24 Luna 16, 20, 24

  7. Venera9-14 resultsTo look through the clouds, to descend, and to land Venera 9-10 measured the solar flux at the surface – the basic figure to calculate greenhouse. Nightglow spectra. 1975 • Venera11-12 measured atmospheric spectra and fluxes down to the surface. Mass spectrometer showed an anomaly = in 36Ar/40Ar ratio, and measured the isotopes of neon. Gas-chromatographer measured CO and other minor constituents in the low atmosphere. Detection of electric activity; measurements of physical and chemical properties of clouds. Спектры ИОАВ Venus 11 dayside spectra Colour panorama (Venera 13-14)

  8. Laplace-Europa Lander mission (I): Development: 2008: Preliminary assessment 2008: Initial industrial study 2008 2009: Europa Lander workshop 2009 2010: radiation load/scenario/landing site assessment; lander payload definition 2011: further scenario development; orbiter payload definition; payload accommodation Mission architecture: • Europa lander, full mass 1210 kg, target 50 kg of mass for science • Telecom and science orbiter, 50 kg science payload • Multiple fly-bys of Ganimede, Callisto and Europa; • Final circular orbit around Europa with a height of 100 km; • Soft landing, target surface mission duration 60 days. Surface analysis by drilling (30 cm depth) possibly melting probe (<5 kg). Orbiter supports telecommunication. Optional TM directly to Earth via VLBI • Target total radiation dose <100kRad behind 5 g/cm2 Al (300 kRad tolerant components) Roscosmos IKI TSNIIMASH Lavochkin Assoc

  9. Laplace-Europa Lander mission (II): Resources: • 50 kg on the lander, including sample handling and (partially) radiation shield • 3.2 kbit/s via HGA to 70-m dishes • Lander data relay via orbiter • 50 kg on the orbiter, including (partially) radiation shield Science Goals: • The main appeal of the present mission is search for life on or its signatures on Europa • Sample acquisition, concentration • Subsurface access • Establishing geophysical and chemical context • Biology-driven experiments should provide valuable information regardless of the biology results • Lander is to provide ground truth for remote measurements and enhance the detection limits • Orbiter: versatile remote observations; landing site characterization; Jupiter science • Proof-of-the-concept payloads • Lander: • 12 instruments  20 kg • 4-5 kg melting probe • Drill for 30-cm depth • Orbiter: • 6 instruments, incl. radioscience Roscosmos IKI TSNIIMASH Lavochkin Assoc

  10. From Europa Lander to Ganymede Lander • An absolute need for the Orbiter for retranslation • No reconnaissance information on Europa because of NASA Europa Orbiter cancellation • Impossibility for the planned Russian 400-kg Europa Orbiter to fulfill both the reconnaissance and telecom functions • Moreover, 400-kg Europa Orbiter is incompatible with the telecom function only because of high radiation burden in orbit around Europa  Ganymede Lander in coordination with ESA JUICE or a JOINT project with ESA +  +

  11. Ganymede Lander: play safe ! • Detailed reconnaissance from JUICE for choosing the Ganymede Lander landing site • Landing using ESA Visual Navigation system • Telecommunication via JUICE, if logistics permit • Dedicated small (?) Ganymede orbiter for telecommunication and limited science +  + + +

  12. Science objectives • Characterize Ganymede as planetary object including its habitability • Study the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants

  13. 1. Why is Ganymede an habitable world Научные задачи: Обитаемость Солнечной системы Why are Ganymede and Europa habitable worlds ? Возможна ли жизнь на Европе и Ганимеде? • Необходимые составляющие • Жидкая вода • Элементы • Энергия • Время The habitable zone is not restricted to the Earth’s orbit… Surface/Deep habitats Deep habitats Deep habitats

  14. Science objectives • From direct search for life on Europa to determining the habitability of Ganymede • Establishing geophysical and chemical context for habitability • Lander is to provide the ground truth for remote measurements and enhance the detection limits • Orbiter: • Complement JUICE (2-points observations, etc) • High-resolution measurements of target areas • Others…

  15. Europa Lander model payload 20315g Largely applicable to Ganymede?

  16. Ganymede surface science • A set of instruments on the Lander • Assume max mass of instruments and aux systems of 50 km to include: • instruments; • sampling device(s); • Deployment • Data handling • Radiation protection for instruments out of common compartment • Penetrator(s)

  17. Landing scheme +IMPACTOR 2007 presentation

  18. Penetrator(s)? • To be released from the orbit • Mass 5-15 kg • Payload <2 kg

  19. Orbiter payload • Reconnaissance • Full mapping from JUICE • Landing sites/target areas • WAC+HRC • What resolution required ? Meters ? (orbit not yet defined…) compare to JUICE final orbit (200 km polar), 5 µrad IFOV • Magnetometer • Boom of several meters! • Radioscience? • Some plasma instruments • Some optical instruments/ others JUICE losers • More info after the JUCIE selection  To define requirements on the Orbiter

  20. THANKS FOR ATTENTION) Европа Ио Ганимед Каллисто Космос для человечества

  21. THANKS FOR ATTENTION

  22. Lander instruments/systems • Set of context instruments • Panoramic camera (stereo, filters or color) • Various sensors (temperature, conductivity, radiation, etc) • Geophysical package • Seismometer • Magnetometer • Geochemistry • Contact (GCMS, Laser Ablation/Raman, XRD/XRS, …) • Sampling system: robotic arm • Remote (IR spectroscopy)

  23. Sampling/mechanisms • Robotic arm with sampling device • Heritage: Phobos-Grunt, Luna-Resource • Mass: 3-5 kg (including commanding?) • Chomic-type perforator (mass-?) • Scoop/sampling cylinder (?) • Dedicated context and close-up cameras (mass ~ 500g) • APX-type instrument(s) (mass ~500 g) • Common sample preparation system for GCMS, laser ablation, XRD, etc ??? • Mast for panoramic camera/IR spectrometer • Stereo camera (type Phobos, Space-X) • High-resolution camera (Type ExoMars) • IR spectrometer (type LIS, or ISEM • Magnetometer boom • No drilling on the lander

  24. Geophysical package • Seismometer • No need for a state-of-the-art Mars-type device • Two-axis • Lognonnee-type or Manukin-type? • Mass: <2 kg (?) • Deployment required or placement on the foot suffice? • To include tiltmeter? • Magnetometer • Keep mass within 1 kg • Deployment necessary!

  25. Ganymede Lander model payload ~25 000 g

  26. Orbiter payload • Reconnaissance • Full mapping from JUICE • Landing sites/target areas • WAC+HRC • What resolution required ? Meters ? (orbit not yet defined…) compare to JUICE final orbit (200 km polar), 5 µrad IFOV • Magnetometer • Boom of several meters! • Radioscience? • Some plasma instruments • Some optical instruments/ others JUICE losers • More info after the JUCIE selection  To define requirements on the Orbiter

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