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Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Update

Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Update. Zygmunt Haas & Marc Pearlman Wireless Networks Laboratory Cornell University. Outline. ZRP overview Bordercast Upgrade: Unicast to Multicast bordercast tree extended routing zone revised query control Revised ZRP Architecture

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Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Update

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  1. Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Update Zygmunt Haas & Marc Pearlman Wireless Networks Laboratory Cornell University

  2. Outline • ZRP overview • Bordercast Upgrade: Unicast to Multicast • bordercast tree • extended routing zone • revised query control • Revised ZRP Architecture • Simulation Models / Open IERP

  3. Basic Query Propagation viaFlood Searching Unicasts messages: 36 Single Channel Broadcasts: 9

  4. Bordercast(unicast) FloodSearch 24 36 -- 9 Directing Queries Outward: Routing Zones and Bordercasting LL uni LL nb Each node proactively tracks routing zone: set of nodes with min distance no greater than r hops Forwards queries to peripheral nodes: routing zone members at min dist of r hops

  5. Comments and Concerns About Bordercasting • Relaying queries to peripheral nodes may be more efficient but… • Overlapping routing zones lead to redundancy • Resolved by query control mechanisms that identify and discard redundant queries • Bordercasting is more efficient than flooding searching, but why? (not all links traversed, but some links traversed multiple times) • What about single channel neighbor broadcast?

  6. Bordercast(multicast) FloodSearch 16 36 5 9 Multicasting: A More Intuitive Way to Bordercast LL uni LL nb • No link is traversed more than once, many never traversed. • Neighbor broadcast can be used to relay messages simultaneously to multiple downstream

  7. Multicast Bordercast Options • Append bordercast tree to message. • link state of surrounding r hops (routing zone) • reduced query packets but increase packet length • Each node constructs all the bordercast trees for which it is a forwarding member. • link state of surrounding (r-1) + (r) = 2r-1 hops(Extended routing zone)

  8. Forwarding Packets to the “Frontier” uncovered frontier covered non-frontier covered Only “frontier covered” nodes need to receive message

  9. Query Control: Detection / Termination Detection: For every received message, record • Query ID • Address of bordercasting node Termination: Do not forward along downstream branch if each downstream peripheral node either: • Lies inside the routing zone of bordercasted node (not frontier covered) • Has been relayed to by this node (just plain redundant)

  10. Old ZRP Architecture Globally reactiveIntErzone Routing Protocol(IERP) (any reactive routing protocol) Locally proactiveIntrAzone Routing Protocol (IARP) (any localized proactive routing) bordercasting, query control(and hop-by-hop route computation) (BRP) IP

  11. Route Discovery Protocol Stack In Action IERP IERP BRP BRP BRP BRP IP IP IP IP A B C D • IERP only processes query packet every rth hop • BRP must provide “hop by hop” route discovery processing • Tight integration of routing protocol with BRP

  12. Revised Route Discovery Protocol Stack Operation IERP IERP IERP IERP BRP BRP BRP BRP IP IP IP IP A B C D

  13. BRPheader downstream neighbors Pulling Apart the IERP and BRP IERP 3 BRP cache index index 2 packet packet BRP 1 4 End up with application independent bordercasting

  14. New ZRP Architecture Globally reactiveIntErzone Routing Protocol(IERP) (any reactive protocol) Locally proactiveIntrAzone Routing Protocol (IARP) (any localized link state protocol) route query route reply,route error,etc. Application Ind. Bordercasting (BRP) IP

  15. New OPNET and ns-2 Models Available Soon • IARP and BRP as described in draft • Different versions of IERP will be offered (depending on availability of existing models) • AODV • DSR • TORA • Two “flavors”: routing zone aware and unaware

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