Chapter 1

1. Chapter 1 Introduction tothe Structural Units

2. A and P • Anatomy • Shape and structures of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another • Physiology • Function of each body part and how the functions of the various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism

3. Branches of Anatomy • Gross anatomy • Microscopic anatomy • Developmental anatomy • Comparative anatomy • Systematic anatomy

4. Terms for Location or Position and Directions • Anterior or ventral • Front or in front of • Posterior or dorsal • Back or in back of • Cranial and caudal • Refer to direction of either toward the “head end” or “tail end” • Superior and inferior • Above or below another

5. Terms for Location or Position and Directions, etc. • Medial and lateral • Toward the midline or away from the midline • Proximal and distal • Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin • Superficial or external • On or near the surface or deep (internal)

6. Body Planes and Sections • Sagittal plane • Right and left parts • Midsagittal plane • Equal right and left parts • Coronal (frontal) plane • Vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane • Transverse or cross section • Horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts

7. Animation – Body Planes Click Here to play Body Planes animation

8. Body Cavities • Dorsal cavity • Brain and spinal cord • Cranial cavity • Spinal cavity • Thoracic cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity • Abdominal cavity • Pelvic cavity

9. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions • Epigastric region (upper) • Just below sternum • Right and left hypochondriac • Just below ribs • Umbilical (middle) • Located around the navel

10. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions • Right and left lumbar • Extend from anterior to posterior • Hypogastric (lower) • Pubic area • Right and left iliac • Also called right and left inguinal areas

11. Smaller Cavities • Orbital cavity • Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts • Nasal cavity • Parts that form the nose • Buccal cavity • Teeth and and tongue

12. Life Functions • Living organisms may be one-celled organisms or multi-celled organisms. They include humans, plants, animals, etc. • All living organisms are capable of carrying on life functions

13. Life Functions • These functions allow living organisms to live, grow and maintain themselves

14. Life Functions • Movement • Muscle system • Ingestion • Digestive system • Digestion • Digestive system

15. Life Functions • Transport • Circulatory system • Respiration • Respiratory system • Synthesis • Digestive system

16. Life Functions • Assimilation • Digestive system • Growth • Skeletal system • Secretion • Endocrine system

17. Life Functions • Excretion • Urinary system • Regulation (sensitivity) • Nervous system • Reproduction • Reproductive system

18. Human Development • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ system

19. Body Processes • Metabolism • Functional activities of the cell that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions • Anabolism • Building up • Catabolism • Breaking down

20. Homeostasis • Ability of the body to regulate its internal environment within narrow limits • Essential to survival • Works on a negative feedback system

21. Metric System • Measurements for length, weight and volume • It is a decimal system • Based on the power of ten • Uses prefixes, such as centi-, milli-, and micro-

22. Metric System • Lengths measured in meters • Weights measured in grams • Volumes measured in liters

23. Medical Highlights • Some recent advances • MRI • CAT scans, Organ transplants • Joint replacements • Future developing technology will be in biotechnology and nanotechnology