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L11-HLL to Assembler

ECE 2560. L11-HLL to Assembler. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University. HLL to Assembler. Pseudo HLL HLL structure Their flow chart HHL code Corresponding Assembler. What is Pseudo HLL.

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L11-HLL to Assembler

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  1. ECE 2560 L11-HLL to Assembler Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  2. HLL to Assembler • Pseudo HLL • HLL structure • Their flow chart • HHL code • Corresponding Assembler ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  3. What is Pseudo HLL • Pseudo HLL is a way of expressing an algorithm or procedure for performing a task. • Very similar to modern High Level programming Languages • Best illustrated with an example ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  4. Pseudo HLL example • Sum a list of 10 integers • 3 7 8 2 4 6 5 5 9 1 • There are several methods • The algorithm here • Create sum and initialize to 0 • Add first number • Repeat adding number until done with list ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  5. Pseudo HLL • Sequence of Actions • Do action A • Do action B • …. • Do action Q ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  6. Decisions • Decision structures • IF condition THEN action if true • ELSE action if false • END IF; • Example: • Remove front bike wheel • TURN Bike over • IF wheel-has-quick-release-skewer • THEN flip level and remove wheel • ELSE use wrench to remove nuts from axle • remove wheel • END IF ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  7. Repeat structures • Finite number of times – DO LOOP • Set up any values for loop • FOR counter = start TO end [STEP x] LOOP • actions of loop • END FOR; • Example: • Sum = 0; • FOR i = 1 to 10 LOOP • Sum = Sum + element(i); • END FOR; ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  8. Repeat structures • Indeterminate number of times – Repeat loop or decision loop – action inside the loop causes condition to occur that ends the loop. • 2 structures • One has code that executes at least once • One has code that may or may not execute at all ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  9. While condition • While loop – may or may not execute code • WHILE condition LOOP • SEQUENCE_of_ACTIONS • END loop; • Example: • WHILE not EOF LOOP • Read line from file • Process line • END LOOP; ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  10. Repeat • Repeat Until structure • REPEAT • Sequence_of_statements • UNITL condition; • Example - attempt to read will be done at least once • REPEAT • Read line from file • UNTIL EOF; ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  11. Now what is the assembler? • For each of these Pseudo HLL structures what is the corresponding assembler. • Each will have assumption as to were data to be tested is. ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  12. Straight line code - Sequence • Straight line Pseudo HLL – little modification is needed. • A = m*x + b in Pseudo HLL • Where are values – say in memory locations labeled by the same name • Code becomes • mov m,R8 • push R8 • push x • call smult • pop • pop R8 • add b,R8 • mov R8,A ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  13. Decision • Decision structure • IF condition THEN action if true • ELSE action if false • END IF; • Example: • IF (A<B) THEN temp=A; A=B; B=temp • END IF; ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  14. Assembler for example • A and B are in memory • Will use a register for temp. • cmp A,B ;B-A is positive if A<B • jl noexch ;jump if B<A • mov A,R6 • mov B,A • mov R6,A • noexch ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  15. A more efficient coding • Could be made a little more efficient • Previous code also exchanges when A=B • cmp B,A ;A-B is negative if A<B • jgenoexch ;jump if B<=A • mov A,R6 • mov B,A • mov R6,A • noexch ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  16. When there is an else • Else is similar to the previous code • IF (A<B) THEN temp=A; A=B; B=temp; • ELSE A = 0; • END IF; • Much like previous • cmp B,A ;A-B is negative if A<B • jge else ;jump if B<=A • mov A,R6 • mov B,A • mov R6,A • jmp after • else clr A • after ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  17. Repeat structures • Finite number of times – DO LOOP • Set up any values for loop • FOR counter = start TO end [STEP x] LOOP • actions of loop • END FOR; • Example: • Sum = 0; • FOR i = 1 to 10 LOOP • Sum = Sum + element(i); • END FOR; • How would this example be coded? ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  18. Coding for Do Loop • Where are control values? • i – the current index value – use R9 • startval – the starting value for i – memory loc • endval – the ending value for i – memory • sum – in memory • element – label of list of values in memory • mov i,R9 • tolcmp endval,R9 ;R9-endval • jgelpexit • mov R9,R8 • dec R8 • clrc • rolc R8 • add #element,R8 • add @R8,sum • inc R9 • jmptol • lpexit ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  19. The repeat and while loops • The coding of the repeat and while loops is very similar. • Documents where variables are • Need loop control and testing of loop control • Which branch instruction to use takes some thought • Need to remember what the cmp instruction does!! ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

  20. Summary - Assignment • No new assignment. ECE 3561 - Lecture 1

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