Muscles of the Face, Head and Neck

1. Muscles of the Face, Head and Neck Mrs. Hoyle Anatomy

2. Shape - deltoid (triangular Location - pectoralis (chest); gluteus (buttock or rump); Size - vastus (huge); maximus (large); minimus (small Location of origin and insertion - sternocleidomastoideus (origin on the sternum and clavicle, insertion on the mastoid process); Direction of fibers: rectus (straight); transverse (across); oblique (diagonally); orbicularis (circular). Number of origins: biceps (two heads); triceps (three heads); Action: flexor (to flex a structure); extensor (to extend a structure); masseter (a chewer).

3. NAMING MUSCLES Muscles are named according to any of the following criteria: Size Shape Location Action Number of attachments Direction of its fibers

4. Origin The origin is where the muscle attaches and begins. The origin is a proximal attachment. The origin is where the muscle stays stationary. The insertion of the muscle is where the muscle attaches and ends. The insertion of the muscle moves unlike the origin that stays stationary.

5. Frontalis : Covers the forehead of the dome Origin : Located at the galea aponeurotica (green arrow) Insertion: Located at the skin near the eyebrows and root of the nose. Action: Raising the eyebrows, wrinkles in the forehead.

6. Temporalis ORIGINTemporal fossa between inferior temporal line INSERTIONMedial and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandible ACTIONElevates mandible

7. Occipitalis Origin: Located at the occipital bone. Insertion : Located at the galea aponeurotica. Action : Draws the scalp backwards.

8. Orbicularis oris ORIGIN Anterior surface of maxilla and mandible and at angle of mouth INSERTION Margin of lips ACTIONNarrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and puckers lip edges -The Kissing muscle

9. Orbicularis Oculi ORIGINMedial orbital margin and lacrimal sac INSERTION Lid of the eye ACTIONCloses eyelids, aids passage and drainage of tears

10. Auricularis ORIGIN Galeal aponeurosis INSERTION Cartilage of auricle ACTIONAdjusts position of ear

11. Masseter ORIGINAnterior two thirds of zygomatic arch and zygomatic process of maxilla INSERTIONLateral surface of angle and lower ramus of mandible ACTIONElevates mandible (enables forced closure of mouth) the chewing muscle

12. Buccinator ORIGIN - alveolar portion of the maxilla and mandible INSERTION- into orbicularis muscle of the mouth ACTION - flattens the cheek and retracts the angle of the mouth. Also called cheek muscle.

13. Platysma ORIGINSkin over lower neck and upper lateral chest INSERTIONInferior border of mandible and skin over lower face and angle of mouth ACTIONDepresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth. Aids forced depression of mandible

14. Sternocleidomastoid ORIGINAnterior and superior manubrium and superior medial third of clavicle INSERTIONmastoid process ACTIONFlexes and laterally rotates cervical spine. Protracts head when acting together . Extends neck when neck already partially extended

15. Upper Body Muscles

16. Here is a very simple link but does a great job illustrating joint movements and the muscles involved in those movements. http://www.sickkids.ca/childphysiology/cpwp/skeleton/SkeletonIntro.htm For homework I want you to go to the site and look at joint section and do the following: How Joints Work Go to the Joint Movement section and do the demo. Which muscle is relaxed during flexion? Which muscle if relaxed during extension? What is meant by the term antagonistic pairs? Hip Movement Describe the following actions as demonstrated in the hip and what muscles are used in the demos Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Rotation Knee Joint Describe the following action of the knee joint: Flexion Extension Joints Visit the three joint : Knee Hip and Elbow and look at the links for each and describe each joint. Knee Elbow Hip

17. Rectus Abdominous Origin : Located at the pubic crest. Insertion : Located at the xiphoid process and the costal cartilage of a couple true and false ribs. Responsibilities : Flexes and rotates the trunk.

18. External Oblique Origin: located at the outer surface of the lower ribs. Insertion : Located at the linea alba. Responsibilities : Contracting, flexiion, and rotating of the trunk .

19. Pectoralis Major : � pecs� Origin : Located at the clavicle, sternum and the ribs. Insertion : Located at a single tendon on the humerus. Responsibilities : arm flexion, rotation of the arm medially.

20. Trapezius : �traps� Origin: Located at the occipital bone and spine of the vertebrae. Insertion : Located at the acromian and spine of scapula, and clavicle. Responsibilities : Stabilizes and raises and adducts the scapula, and raises and lowers the shoulders.

21. Serratus anterior Origin : Located at the ribs ( 1-8) Insertion : Located at the anterior surface of the vertebrae and at the border of the scapula. Responsibilities : Holds the scapula down and raises part of the shoulder.

22. Deltoid � Delts� Origin : located near the acromian and spine of the scapula. Insertion : Located near the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. Responsibilities: abducts the arm .

23. Latissimus dorsi � �Lats� Origin : located at the spine of the lower vertebrae and the illiac crest. Insertion: Located at the grove of the humerus. Responsibilities : extension of the arm , arm adduction.

24. Biceps brachil : �Two heads� Origin: Located at the short head of the corodoid process of the scapula and at the long head tubercle above the gleniod fossa. Insertion : Located at the radial tuberosity Responsibilities : Flexes the arm .

25. Triceps brachil � � three heads� Origin : Located at the long head of the top of the scapula, and the posterior of the humerus. Insertion : Located at the olecronon of the ulna. Responsibilities : extends the arm and allows you to do activities such as push ups.

26. Brachiordialis Origin: Located at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Insertion : Located at the base of the styloid process of the radius Responsibilities : Flexes the forearm.

27. Muscles that move the thigh

28. Gluteus Maximus ( buttocks) Origin : located at the crest of the illium and the border of the sacrum and coccyx. Insertion : located at the upper posterior portion of the femur. Responsibilities : Extends the femur at the hip and rotates the femur.

29. Muscles that move the lower legs

30. Hamstrings : Group of three muscles, which flex the knee Bicep Femoris: Origin : located at the long head of the ischium. Insertion: located at the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia. Responsibilities: Flexes the legs, extends the thigh Semitendinosis: Origin : Located at the ischial tuberosity. Insertion : located at the medial surface of the tibia. Semimembranosus: Origin: Located at the ischial tuberosity.

32. Quadriceps : group of four muscles, action for all four is extension at the knee Rectus Femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus intermedius Origin : located at the spine of illium Origin : located at the greater trochanter Origin: located at the medial surface of the femur. Origin : located at the interior and lateral surface of the femur. Insertion : for all is located at the patella. Responsibilities : extends the leg at the knee

33. Muscles that move the ankle and toes

34. Tibialis : anterior Origin : Located at the lateral condyle of the tibia Insertion : located at the tarsal bones Responsibilities : brings the foot up and in.

35. Gastrocnemius Origin : Located at the lateral and medial condyle of the femur. Insertion : located at the posterior surface of the calcaneus. Responsibilities : felxion of the foot and leg at the knee.

36. Soleus Origin : located at the head and shaft of the fibula. Insertion : Located at the posterior surface of the calcaneus. Responsibilites: plantar flexion