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Rhythm

Rhythm. Pg. 17. Mixed and Irregular Meter. Mixed Meter- measures that have different meters occur in rapid succession. Irregular or asymmetrical meter- measures that have different meters alternating in an irregular pattern (like a measure of seven beats.

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Rhythm

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  1. Rhythm Pg. 17

  2. Mixed and Irregular Meter • Mixed Meter- measures that have different meters occur in rapid succession. • Irregular or asymmetrical meter- measures that have different meters alternating in an irregular pattern (like a measure of seven beats. • Romanian Christmas Carols is a good example of this • Polymeter- two or more meters are operating at the same time

  3. Syncopation • When accented or emphasized notes fall on weak beats or in between beats. • Example: St. Louis Blues • Used in ragtime • Example: Maple Leaf Rag

  4. Polyrhythm • Also known as Cross-rhythm is when two conflicting rhythmic patterns are present simultaneously. • Example on page 21

  5. Harmony • When two or more tones are sounding simultaneously. • Common-practice tonality- the system of organizing pitch and harmony that is dominant in Western music and is seen most often

  6. Chord • Three or more pitches sounding simultaneously. • Triad- two intervals of a third • Major- major third on bottom and a minor on top • Minor- minor third on bottom and a major on top • Diminished- two minor thirds • Augmented- two major thirds

  7. Chord Vocab • Root- the lowest of the three notes • Third- the middle note • Fifth- the highest note • Root Position- when the root is on the bottom • First Inversion- third is on bottom • Second Inversion- fifth is on bottom • Inverted- when anything but a root is on bottom and any chord can be inverted

  8. Keys • The world of pitch relationships within which a piece or substantial section of music takes place. • Piece centers around tonic • Most notes in a piece will be from the scale of its key, if not they’re called chromatic pitches and are decorative but not structural.

  9. Key signature • A set of accidents (sharps or flats) at the beginning of a written piece of music that indicates the key of the music • For example if there is a b flat in the key signature, every B in the entire composition are automatically flat, unless otherwise notated

  10. Circle of Fifths • There are twelve possible major and minor scales • The picture on page 23 shows every major scale, adding a flat or sharp each time. • The interval between each tonic in the circle of fifths is five

  11. Harmonic Progression • A series of chords or intervals that moves from tension toward resolution • Dissonance- (tension) is the quality of a pitch, interval, or chord that makes it seem unstable or tense. • Consonance- (resolution) the quality of a pitch, interval, or chord that makes it seem a suitable point of rest or resolution.

  12. Diatonic Triad • Diatonic- “within the key” • A chord or melody is diatonic if no accidentals are needed other than those in the key signature. • If there are notes not in the key it is chromatic • Diatonic triads can be major, minor, augmented, or diminished depending on what note it begins on

  13. Tonic Triad • Tonic Triad- a diatonic triad built on the tonic pitch. • Most stable chord in a key • Most music ends on tonic chord • The key of the piece will match the key of the tonic triad (if a piece is major so is the triad)

  14. Other Triads • Major triads- begin on scale degrees 4 and 5 • Minor triads- begin on scale degrees 2, 3, and 6 • Diminished triad- starts on seventh scale degree. Highly unstable

  15. Dominant Triad (5th) • Very important because it contains the tonic, and the leading tone. • Other harmonies “pull” to the dominant and are called pre-dominant harmonies. • Common pre-dominant harmonies are the supertonic (second) and the subdominant (fourth) • Chain of triads is called a chord progression • Voice leading- a chord progression where some of the chords are inverted and is smoother.

  16. Bass Line • The lowest voice (or instrument) in a series of chords. • Reinforces the forward pull of the progression. • Often play root

  17. Dominant Seventh • Sometimes a dominant triad is turned into a dominant seventh • A dominant seventh always contains 5-7-2 and 4 • Causes even more pull to the resolution

  18. Chromatic Harmonies and Modulation • Modal Mixture- one or two pitches of the basic triad are altered • Modulate- change keys frequently

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