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Understanding Hearing Loss

Understanding Hearing Loss. Compiled by the North Dakota School for the Deaf/ Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing’s Outreach Department (3/2013). Typical Hearing. Drawing from SKI*HI. Conductive Hearing Loss.

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Understanding Hearing Loss

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  1. Understanding Hearing Loss Compiled by the North Dakota School for the Deaf/ Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing’s Outreach Department (3/2013)

  2. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  3. Typical Hearing North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department Drawing from SKI*HI

  4. Conductive Hearing Loss • An obstruction in the outer and/or middle ear blocks the transmission of sound. • Medical and/or surgical treatment may reduce or eliminate this type of hearing loss. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department Drawing taken from www.thehearingfix.com

  5. Causes of Conductive Hearing Loss • The ear canal is missing or occluded (obstructed). • Allergies • The bones in the ossicular chain are broken or calcified. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  6. Sensorineural Hearing Loss • Are commonly a result of a damaged cochlea and/or auditory nerve. • May improve with hearing aids or cochlear implants. • Require auditory training. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department Drawing taken from www.thehearingfix.com

  7. Causes of Sensorineural Hearing Loss • Diseases during pregnancy • Heredity • Childhood diseases (mumps, measles, chicken pox) • Viral infections (meningitis, encephalitis) • Prolonged high fever • Physical damage to head or ear • Exposure to excessive or intense noise (loud music, gunfire, etc.) North Dakota School for the Deaf Outreach Department

  8. Mixed Hearing Loss • A combination of conductive and sensorineural components: • Blockage in the outer or middle ear AND • Damaged inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve North Dakota School for the Deaf Outreach Department

  9. Warning Signs for Infants North Dakota School for the Deaf Outreach Department

  10. Warning Signs for Preschool & Older Children Does the child: • need the TV volume to be excessively high? • respond inappropriately to questions? • fail to reply /respond when called? • watch others to imitate what they are doing? • have articulation problems or speech/language delays? • have problems academically? • complain of earaches, ear pain or head noises? • have difficulty understanding what people are saying? • seem to speak differently from their same age peers? North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  11. Audiologic Assessments • Otoacoustic Emissions Test (OAE) • Auditory Brainstem Response Test (ABR or BAER) • Conventional Behavior Tests • Tympanometry North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  12. Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) Test North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department photo from Cataract Foundation Philipines, Inc.

  13. Conventional Behavioral Hearing Tests North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department photo from www.allianceaudiologyllc.com/index.php/hearing-information

  14. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Test North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department photo from http://www.bradingrao.com/abr.htm

  15. Tympanometry North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department photo from http://www.entassociates.com/services.htm

  16. Understanding Audiograms Drawing from www.firstyears.org/lib/banana.htm North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  17. FREQUENCY IN CYCLES PER SECOND (HZ) 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 LOW PITCH HIGH PITCH North Dakota School for the Deaf Outreach Department

  18. SOFT 0 10 20 30 40 50 HEARING LEVEL (dB HL) 60 70 North Dakota School for the Deaf Outreach Department 80 90 100 LOUD 110 120

  19. Average Loudness Levels Drawing from http://www.jtc.org North Dakota School for the Deaf Outreach Department

  20. Audiogram symbols North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  21. Bone Conduction North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department Audiogram from http://www.merckmanuals.com

  22. Degree of Hearing Loss North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department Drawing from http://www.babyhearing.org

  23. Amplification Photo from Advanced Bionics North Dakota School for the Deaf Outreach Department Photo from besthearingaidsguide.info Photo from www.impactlab.net

  24. Hearing Aids • Amplify sounds • Allow sound to travel the “normal” route through the ear North Dakota School for the Deaf Outreach Department

  25. Hearing Aids CANNOT • Restore sound’s natural quality (sounds may be perceived as “mechanical’ or “tinny”) -which will affect listening to music • Improve hearing when background noise is present or with simultaneous conversations • Amplify only what a child wants to hear North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  26. Hearings Aids Can • Make soft sounds louder, make listening to speech more comfortable and easier to understand • Improve hearing in social situations that were previously difficult (church, social groups, etc.) • Improve hearing at high pitches (promoting an awareness of environmental sounds and increased understanding of speech) • Improve comfort with social interactions and events North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  27. How a Hearing Aid works North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  28. What do Hearing Aids look like? North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department photo from http://www.americanhearingbenefits.com/styles.jsp

  29. Cochlear Implants North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department photo from http://www.ssc.education.ed.ac.uk/courses/deaf/dfeb08ii.html

  30. What is involved with CIs? • Surgery and an overnight hospital stay • A healing period before the external devices are connected • Numerous follow up appointments • To map and program the device • To receive extensive auditory training North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  31. Parts of an implant Internal part – C. Electrodes Image from Cochlear, Ltd. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department External Parts – A. Speech Processor B. Transmitting Coil

  32. How an implant works Taken from www.ent.uci.edu. Photo from Cochlear, Ltd. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  33. Eligibility Criteria for Cochlear Implant • No benefit from hearing aids • At least one year of age • Family and educational support • Absence of medical restrictions • Cochlea and auditory nerve are present North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  34. Bone Conduction Hearing Aid North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department photo from www.medicalhomeportal.org

  35. Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (Baha) North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department Image from www.feelbetterri.com

  36. Vibro-tactile Aid North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department photo from http://hearingtherapyaustralia.com

  37. Assistive Listening Device (ALD) A child with a hearing loss may benefit from an Assistive Listening Device (ALD). The ALD increases the child’s ability to hear sounds in an auditorium or classroom by • Reducing background noise. • Making faraway sounds seem closer. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  38. Assistive Listening Devices Personal FM System Soundfield FM System Delivers speech from a speaker’s microphone to speakers placed strategically throughout the room • Delivers speech from a speaker’s microphone to the ears of the person with a hearing loss North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  39. Educational Implications North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  40. Communication Options • Auditory Oral • Auditory Verbal • Cued Speech • Total Communication • American Sign Language North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  41. Auditory-Oral Programs • GOAL:To encourage speech Auditory-Oral programs combine: • residual hearing, • lip reading, • hearing aids, • cochlear implant (s) and/or other amplification devices. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  42. Auditory Verbal Programs GOAL: To teach listening and speaking using hearing aids, cochlear implant and/or other amplification devices. No use or emphasis of sign language or speech reading. Parents training: methods incorporating listening and language use within daily routines. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  43. Cued Speech GOAL: To teach speaking through the use of amplification, lip-reading and cues from the hand shape system. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  44. Total Communication GOAL: To teach speech using all modes of communication: • speech, • sign language, • auditory training, • speech reading • finger spelling. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  45. American Sign Language (ASL) (Bilingual/Bicultural) GOAL: To teach a visual language • Used by persons defined as culturally Deaf in the United States and Canada. • Has a distinct grammar and word order. (Often English is learned as a second language). • Incorporates eyes, hands, facial expressions and body movements. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  46. Accommodations • NOISE CONTROL • Use draperies on windows • Use low, acoustically controlled ceilings • Reduce noise from lights, fans, heaters, etc. • Use carpeting on floors and walls to absorb sound • Use auditory training equipment to enhance the child’s listening • LIGHTING CONTROL • Use draperies to control sun glare • Provide adequate ceiling lights North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  47. Accommodations • SEATING ARRANGEMENTS • Ensurea clear view of the speaker’s face – essential to following discussions and lectures • Allow seating changes as activities change • Seat with the better ear turned toward the speaker • VISUAL AIDS • Make language and information visible-Use chalkboard, overhead projector, written labels, captioned films, etc. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  48. Communication Tips • Choose a quiet environment. • Get the child’s attention before speaking. • Do not cover mouth when speaking. • Look directly at communication partner. • Maintain eye contact. • State the topic of discussion at the beginning of the conversation. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  49. Communication Tips • Speak clearly, at a normal pace. • Do not shout. • When spoken words are not heard • Repeat statements, then • Re–phrase • Be patient- take time to communicate. • Be aware of fatigue. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

  50. for more educational strategies… Contact the North Dakota School for the Deaf in Devils Lake 1401 College Drive N., Devils Lake, ND 58301 or (701) 665-4400 or one of their outreach offices listed below. North Dakota School for the Deaf/Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Outreach Department

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