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Chapter Seven

Chapter Seven. Updating and Upgrading Hardware. Strata Objectives Covered. 1.6 (1.2 FC0-U11 U.K.) Identify the risks associated with upgrading the following technologies and equipment: PC speed/storage capability Compatibility issues Upgrade issues Bus differences Hardware failure

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Chapter Seven

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  1. Chapter Seven Updating and Upgrading Hardware

  2. Strata Objectives Covered 1.6 (1.2 FC0-U11 U.K.) Identify the risks associated with upgrading the following technologies and equipment: • PC speed/storage capability • Compatibility issues • Upgrade issues • Bus differences • Hardware failure 2.1 (2.1 FC0-U21 U.K.) Identify basic compatibility issues between: • Processor performance • RAM memory • USB (1.1, 2.0) • FireWire • PS/2 2

  3. Evaluating a Computer for Upgrades • What components are fine as-is? • Which components are obsolete, failing, or weaker than the others? • What components may benefit from a new driver? • What components can’t be replaced at all?

  4. Benefits of Updating Device Drivers • Fix operational or compatibility problems with the device • Improve device performance • Add minor new features or configuration options

  5. Checking a Device Driver Version • Open Device Manager in Windows • View the device’s Properties • Click the Driver tab • Read version number • Check manufacturer’s web site for newer version

  6. Analyzing Current System Performance • Windows Experience Index • Third-party utilities • Windows: iBench • Mac: Xbench

  7. When to Upgrade • Slow screen repaint: display adapter • Slowed performance when running multiple applications: RAM • Disk full warning: hard drive

  8. Processor Upgrades • Not usually possible or economical • Motherboards accept only a narrow range of models and speeds

  9. RAM Upgrades • Check motherboard docs to get the right kind of RAM • Check for available slots

  10. RAM Upgrades • If all slots are full, some RAM must be replaced with higher-capacity RAM • On some systems, RAM slots are paired, and must have identical RAM in them

  11. Hard Disk Upgrades • Replace, or Add Another? • Notebook: usually must replace • Desktop: can replace or add • Check for internal power connectors available • SATA power (for SATA) • Molex connector (for PATA)

  12. Hard Disk Upgrades • Check types of drive connectors available • Internal: • PATA • SATA • SCSI • External: • USB • FireWire • SCSI

  13. Buying Decisions for Hard Drives • Mechanical vs. solid state • Capacity • Internal or external • Interface • Size (3.5” for desktop, 2.5” for notebook) • RPM/rotational speed

  14. Display Adapter Upgrades • Desktop PCs only; most notebooks cannot accept display adapter upgrade • Replace or add additional (for multiple monitors)

  15. Display Adapter Upgrades • Check available expansion slot types • PCIe 16x • PCIe 4x • AGP • PCI

  16. Buying Decisions for Display Adapters • Amount of memory – more is better • Memory speed – faster is better • Cooling – active or passive • Output ports – VGA, DVI • Maximum resolution – larger is better • Core clock speed – faster is better

  17. Upgrading or Adding External Devices • Port type • USB (1.1, 2.0, 3.0) • FireWire • Legacy parallel (old printers) • Legacy serial (old or specialized devices) • ExpressCard • PS/2 • 3.5mm jack

  18. Assessing Hardware Upgrade Risks • Physical compatibility • System compatibility • OS compatibility • Compatibility with existing applications • Compatibility with anticipated future applications and OSes

  19. Common Hardware Issues • USB hubs: If unpowered, can support only a few devices with adequate power • Power supply: Can become overloaded many devices installed, especially drives • System resource conflicts may occur (IRQs, DMA channels, memory addreses, I/O addreses)

  20. Personal Safety Considerations • Wear short sleeves, or roll up your sleeves to avoid tearing clothing if it gets caught • Remove jewelry to avoid getting snagged • Don’t open a power supply or a CRT because of shock from capacitors

  21. ESD Prevention Guidelines • Ground yourself • Wear an antistatic wrist strap • Use an antistatic mat

  22. ESD Prevention Guidelines • Wear natural fibers • Keep item inside antistatic bag until ready to install

  23. Other Hardware-Handling Guidelines • Disconnect power before opening the case • Handle circuit boards only by the edges • Be as gentle as possible the cables and connectors • Don’t bend or crimp a cable unnecessarily

  24. Installing Memory • Remove cover to expose slot(s) • Remove old memory if needed • Firmly press new memory into slot

  25. Installing an Internal Disk Drive Chart describing jumper settings • Set jumpers on drive if needed (PATA or SCSI only) Jumper

  26. Installing an Internal Disk Drive • Connect drive connector from motherboard • Connect power connector from power supply

  27. Installing an Internal Disk Drive • Partition and format drive • Disk Management in Windows • Third-party disk utility program

  28. Installing a Circuit Board • Remove old board if needed • Remove metal backplate behind slot if needed

  29. Installing a Circuit Board • Identify the slot to use • Remove old board if needed • Remove metal backplate behind slot if needed • Firmly press circuit board straight down into slot • Secure board with screw or other retaining method

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