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China & Japan. Background. China had been resisting outside influence from the West- didn’t want the negative influences of the worldly West… Didn’t trade w/ the West b.c. China was self-sufficient This made the West mad and WANT IN!!!
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Background • China had been resisting outside influence from the West- didn’t want the negative influences of the worldly West… • Didn’t trade w/ the West b.c. China was self-sufficient • This made the West mad and WANT IN!!! • So, they needed to come up with something the Chinese would buy in mass supply!!....
OPIUM!!!! (it’s a drug… aka addicting!)
External problems 1. British smuggled in Opium to the Chinese = Chinese became addicted = irritated Chinese gov’t = WAR!!
Opium War • Who: British vs. Chinese • What: a war b/n British and Chinese about the British smuggling opium into China • Where: China • When: 1839 • Why: China had outdated ships vs GB’s new updated steam ships = China loses & is humiliated = GB gets extraterritorial rights (HongKong)
While this was going on, China was experiencing a bunch in internal probs….
Internal Problems • Hunger- population grew 30% but food didn’t • Ppl were poor & discouraged = more Opium drug addiction • Rebellion- Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion • Self- Strengthening movement- attempted reforms made ppl scared & unhappy • (will come later.. After the External probs.. They are happening simultaneously)
Taiping Rebellion • Who: Hong Xiuquan • What: a rebellion against China’s gov’t where they wanted to create a “Kingdom of Heavenly Peace” where no one lived in poverty & everyone shared in China’s wealth • Where: China • When: 1850s-1864 • Why: They won & took over China for awhile = they feuded among themselves for power = Qing + British + French kicked them out & the Qing retook power
After the Taiping & other rebellions, a lady came to power and ruled for the rest of China’s “Empire” or dynasty..
Empress Cixi • Who: The Qing Dowager Empress, ruler of China • What: she ruled while baby Emperors were “on the throne”; was committed to tradition but supported some reforms (Self-Strengthening) but not a lot • Where: China • When: 1862-1908 • Why: many rebellions agnst her • = she finally agreed to reform gov’t = constitutional monarchy = end to China’s Empire!!!
After the rebellions & during her rule, foreigners took advantage of this…
External Probs.. 2. Foreign power took advantage of internal probs & rebellions = they attacked China & got : Sphere of Influence & Open Door policy
Sphere of Influence Who: Europeans in China & Japanese What: a strong foothold in China where a foreign nation controlled trade & investments in a given area inside China (not China) Where: China When: Late 1800s Why: This gave increasing economic power to foreigners in China- NOT the Chinese; this worried Americans = Open Door policy
Open Door policy • Who: Americans • What: a policy that “opened” the doors of China’s economy to merchants of all nations to keep the US safe from being shut out by other nations economically • Where: China • When: 1899 • Why: protected US trading rights in China; protected China from being colonized; but China was now under foreign control economically
Internal Probs (cont’d) • 5. Nationalism- Boxer Rebellion- against Empress Cixi & foreigners
Boxer Rebellion • Who: Poor Chinese peasants & workers aka Boxers • What: they formed a “Society of Righteous & Harmonious Fists” agnst the Empress & Foreigners -> Rebelled • Where: China • When: 1900 • Why: rebellion failed BUT Nationalism emerged, Chinese realized they must resist foreign intervention & they wanted the gov’t more responsive to their needs
Eventually, Empress Cixi “died”– some thought under mysterious circumstances…. (Hmm… wonder why?!) • = a boy Emperor came to power & was killed!! • = change in government which we will talk about later… (Next chapter)
Like China, Japan was also isolated from the West & didn’t want to trade w/ them… • BUT Just like China, the Westerners pushed their way in!!! • As a result, • Japan MODERNIZED…
Causes of Modernization • Westerners forced their way into Japan to trade with them - Treaty of Kanagawa • Shogun stepped down, Emperor took control = Meiji Era • Emperor realized he had to modernize to counter the West- Adapted to Western ways
Treaty of Kanagawa • Who: Matthew Perry (USA) vs. Japanese • What: a treaty between the US & Japan that opened 2 ports in Japan where US could take supplies • Where: Japan • When: 1854 • Why: The US had pushed open the door in Japan = other European powers followed = foreigners were now allowed in Japan
Meiji Era • Who: Emperor Mutsuhito • What: the time period of Mutsuhito’s reign that meant “enlightened rule” where he kicked out the military dictator & ruled himself • Where: Japan • When: 1867-1912 • Why: during this time, Japan modernized and became a world power that was the #1 strength in Asia
Effects of Modernization • Changed gov’t - Made a Constitution & legal codes similar to Europe’s- no longer military dictatorship • Improved education - Adopted American universal public education- made all students go to school • Industrialized - Railroads, factories, shipbuilding, coal production
4. Improved military - warships & well trained soldiers - strongest military in Asia! 5. Gained strength & power - economic, military, & political strength - became imperialistic – starts taking over - could compete with the West
Examples of their new imperialism- they start taking over other Asian countries…. • They do this through wars… • Such as:
Russo- Japanese War • Who: Russians vs. Japanese • What: a war between the top 2 pwrs in Asia over who should control Manchuria (the area in b/n them) • Where: Yellow Sea, coast of Machuria • When: 1904 • Why: Japan destroyed Russia’s fleet & won = Japan won Machuria & the #1 power in Asia
Now Japan is built up enough that they are ready for World War!!
