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To: Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy (A.S.C.E.) Miami, Florida August 1, 2009

Cuba Water/Wastewater Infrastructure Assessment Committee Water and Wastewater Priorities and Cost-Benefit Considerations: A “Work-In-Progress”. To: Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy (A.S.C.E.) Miami, Florida August 1, 2009

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To: Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy (A.S.C.E.) Miami, Florida August 1, 2009

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  1. Cuba Water/WastewaterInfrastructureAssessment CommitteeWater and Wastewater Priorities and Cost-Benefit Considerations: A “Work-In-Progress” To: Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy (A.S.C.E.) Miami, Florida August 1, 2009 By: Armando I. Perez, Roberto Cardona, Luis Locay and Helena Solo-Gabriele

  2. Disclaimer • The opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their employers or of their sponsoring engineering societies. • Authors’ knowledge of Cuba is based on limited information available mostly on the Internet and personal communication with Cubans now living in Florida.

  3. Outline of Presentation “Big Picture” water resources issues Eight (8) Priority watersheds Almendares/vento watershed issues Protection of water sources from wastewater Treatment and distribution of potable water Cotorro case study: cost-benefit considerations Conclusions

  4. Source Water • Total water use (potential $1 to 4 billion/yr industry) • 5.2 billion m3 (Cereijo ed. 1992) • 1.6 billion m3/yr (11.5 M people at 100 gpd) • 64% groundwater (Cereijo ed. 1992) • Groundwater predominates in western provinces, surface water in eastern provinces • Susceptible to saltwater intrusion • Use approaching “safe yield” (sustainable supply)

  5. 15 % of Cuba’ Surface 40 % of Cuba’s Population 60% of Cuba’s Fundamental Economic Activity Eight (8) Watersheds of National Interest • 11 Provinces (Some Straddling) • 6 Have Watershed Councils (Handle Straddles) Source: Jorge Mario Garcia Fernández (Director Watershed INRH), “Cuban Experiences in the Institutionalization of Integrated Management of Watersheds, “Voluntad Hidráulica (INRH Journal), No. 98, pp 15-28

  6. Ariguanabo (90K): Contamination of Rivers (connection to groundwater supply). Deforestation. Poor drainage. Almendares-Vento (570K): Contamination of Almendares River (connection to groundwater supply). Erosion 1420 /km2 480 /km2 Toa (12K): Ecological diversity. Contamination (29 sources). Deforestation. Erosion Cuyaguateje (40K): Poor drainage, salt water intrusion. Erosion Hanabanilla (7K): Erosion Zaza (264K): Contamination (94 sources). Deforestation. Erosion Cauto (1,170K): Contamination (652 sources). Poor drainage. Erosion Guantanamo-Guaso (410K): Drought. Salt accumulation 122 /km2 175 /km2

  7. Hierarchical Approach to Water Management Cycle Treatment and Distribution Protect Water Source

  8. ALMENDARES RIVER VENTO AQUIFER Source Water: Almendares-Vento • Vento Aquifer serves 47% of Havana Population • Located directly • beneath the Almendares River RESERVOIR

  9. Almendares River Vento Aquifer Major Contaminant Sources Papelera Nacional Cubana Near Puentes Grandes Reservoir

  10. Sanitary Sewer Networks Alamar (96K) No Treatment Central (945K) Primary PuentesGrandes ?(200K) No Treatment Lower Almendares (103K) No Treatment 1946, Sewer Construction U.Miami Photo Archive Cotorro (20K -75K) No Treatment San Pedro Pump Station Maria del Carmen (23K) Primary and Secondary Planta Quibu, Cubagua 2007

  11. Wastewater Priorities Rehabilitate & Expand Sewer Lines Central (945K) Primary San Pedro Pump, 2008 Investigate PuentesGrandes and Lower Almendares Networks Investigate Industry Pre-Treatment Repair and Expand Repair and Expand San Pedro Pump Station, 2008 Maria del Carmen (23K 73K) Primary and Secondary Cotorro WW(75K) Domestic + Industrial Calle 100 Landfill BMP Agriculture Antillana de Acero

  12. Water Distribution Central (817K) 5,2 m3/d West (447K) 3.3 m3/d East (546K) 5,0 m3/d Water Rations (Perez Martinez 2003) South (370K) 2.0 m3/d Water Distribution Map for Havana, 1899

  13. Water Priorities Repair Chlorine Production Facility at Sagua la Grande Trucks/fuel to transport chlorine • Repair leaks in transmission and distribution system. Adding valves and metering Improve interconnectedness of the networks. • Back up electricity and pumps (with surge suppressors). • Repair chlorination equipment.

  14. Background: Cotorro, Cuba ~ 50% of land used for agriculture Approximate land area is 65.7 km2 The town's population comprises approximately 74,500 inhabitants

  15. Location Of Proposed Wastewater Plant For Cotorro San Pedro Pump Station

  16. 4 Phase Design for Cotorro WWTP • $18 Million • $2.3 Million • $24 Million • $3 Million

  17. Top View Schematic of Cotorro Plant

  18. Cotorro Wastewater Costs and Benefits

  19. Methodologies for Incremental Benefits to San Francisco River/Vento Aquifer Watershed (a) Reference: “Cost-Benefit Analysis for Implementing the West Coast Sewerage Project Under a Public-Private Partnership Arrangement,” Final Report to Barbados Water Authority, CDM, May 2008.

  20. Methodologies for Incremental Benefits to Cojimar River Watershed

  21. Conclusions and Recommendations • 8 priority watersheds (15% of country’s area) • Almendares-Vento watershed (Havana) is best documented • Highest wastewater priorities: • Upper Almendares cleanup: Protect water source • Mid-Almendares: Repair Maria del Carmen Wastewater Plant • Northern Coast: Rehab outfall pipe • Highest water priorities: • Repair chlorine (disinfectant) facility at Sagua • Upgrade electrical service (backups): Avoid pressure losses • Repair chlorination equipment • Upgrade pumps and surge suppressors • Repair leaks (costly) • Improve benefit-cost analysis with local data: Guide to refine priorities

  22. Questions? Acknowledgments • Juan Belt of USAID • Pete Robinson of Hazen and Sawyer • U.Miami Student Groups, Cristina Ortega, Karen Kajder, ReshmaRamoutar, Omar De Leon, Jose Cueto, Tommy Kiger, Bader Alessa • CA-ACE Board Members: Rod Rodriguez, Victor Pujals, Rafael Robayna, and Maria Porrata

  23. Helena to Add Google Map Full Scale

  24. Role of Committee Before and During a Political Transition U.S. AND CUBAN AGENCIES U.S. AGENCIES ONLY ADVICE ADVICE DATA INTEGRATION PHASE ANALYSIS PHASE ADVISORY PHASE COMMITTEE’S WORK … BEFORE TRANSITION TRANSITION

  25. Purpose of Presentation • Summary of island-wide priorities • Focus on Havana area issues • Sample of cost-benefit methodology as guide for setting priorities • Conclusions on Havana area priorities

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