The Life and Times of Papa

1. The Life and Times of Papa Ernest Hemingway 1899 - 1961

2. Ernest Hemingway

3. Early Years • 1899 July 21, Hemingway is born. • Second of six children born to Clarence and Grace Hall Hemingway • Mediocre student, he had an aptitude for sports enjoying competitive sports like football and boxing. • Edited and wrote for his high school newspaper “The Trapeze”.

4. Early Years • Having spent many summers with his family in Northern Michigan at their summer retreat “Windemere” on Walloon Lake he develops an affinity for the outdoors early in life enjoying the solitude and serenity which only the outdoors could provide. • 1917- He Graduates from high school. • Becomes a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star where he begins developing his style of writing. One known for its clarity, immediacy and use of action verbs, as well as, short sentences and short paragraph structures.

5. Windemere

6. The war to end all wars

7. The Great War • 1917- Attempts to enlist in the Army but receives a deferment due to poor vision. • 1917- Volunteers to be an ambulance driver for the Red Cross and is accepted by them in December 1917. • 1918- Departs for Europe in April and arrives in Milan in early June by way of Paris.

8. The Great War • Is seriously wounded near the city of Schio, Italy by an Austrian mortar shell and is admitted to a Milan hospital to recuperate. • He receives the Italian Silver medal for Valor for his heroism. • Partakes in a relationship with his nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. • His experiences in Italy would provide the inspiration for his book “A Farewell to Arms”

9. Hemingway in Uniform

10. Agnes Von Kurowsky (1918)

11. 1919 - 1921 • 1919- He returns to the U.S. • Performs speaking events where he discusses his war experiences. • This becomes the background for his story “Soldiers Home.” • Works briefly for the Toronto Star Weekly. • 1919 September, He marries first of four wives Elizabeth Hadley Richardson. • Hired as European correspondent for the Toronto Daily Star.

12. Hemingway in Oak Park

13. Elizabeth Hadley Richardson 1921 – 1927

14. 1919 - 1923 • 1921 December 22, 1921 The family returns to Paris where he Rents two addresses. One at 74 rue Cardinal Lemoine in which they resided and the other at 39 rue Descartes for his writing. • Forges a close relationship with Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, Sylvia Beach, James Joyce, Max Eastman, Lincoln Steffens, Wyndahm Lewis, John Dos Passosand F. Scott Fitzgerald as well as with painters Miro and Picasso. These friendships would be instrumental in Hemingway's development as a writer and artist

15. 74 rue Cardinal Lemoine (Home)

16. 39 rue Descartes (office)

17. 1922 - 1924 • Reported upon the Geneva Conference in April 1922, Greco Turkish war October 1922, Luasanne Conference November 1922 and post war convention in the Ruhr Valley in 1923. • 1923- Leaves Paris for Toronto to await birth of first son Patrick. He remains a correspondent for the Toronto Daily Star. • 1923- The short story collection “Three Stories and Ten Poems”is published. • 1923 October 10, First of three sons John Hadley Nicanor Hemingwayis born. • 1924 January, The family returns to Paris.

18. 1924 - 1925 • 1924 – 1925 Hemingway becomes editor for and artistic contributor to the Transatlantic Review. Although only in publication for 18 months, this employment allows him to work out his own artistic theories. • 1924- In our Time (rare limited edition 170 copies) is published in France. Only 32 pages in length, it contains the essence of Hemingway’s aesthetic style of writing. • 1925 October, In our Timepublished in the United States. In addition to the European content it contains 10 additional stories. First time we see Hemingway’s alter ego Nick Adams appear.

19. 1926 - 1928 • 1926 May, “Torrents of Spring” is published. • 1926 October, First novel “The Sun also Rises” is published. • The phrase “The Lost Generation” is coined and is the epigraph for this novel. • 1927 October, The short story collection “Men Without Women” is published. • 1927 April, Divorces first wife Hadley.

20. Gertrude Stein

21. “The Lost Generation” Phrase coined by Gertrude Stein who was rumored to have heard her auto-mechanic use it to describe the poor auto-mechanic repair skills. Defines a sense of moral loss or aimlessness apparent in literary figures during the 1920s. World War I seemed to have destroyed the idea that if you acted virtuously, good things would happen. Many good, young men went to war and died, or returned home either physically or mentally wounded, and their faith in the moral guideposts that had earlier given them hope, were no longer valid.. They were “lost” Although attached to him, Hemingway did not agree with the idea at all.

22. Pauline Pfeiffer 1927 – 1943

23. Key west • 1927 May, Marries Pauline Pfeiffer. • 1928- Family moves to Key West, Florida. • 1928 June 28, Patrick Hemingway is born. • 1928 December Clarence Hemingway commits suicide. Cause of death- self-inflicted gunshot wound. • 1929 September, The novel “A Farewell to Arms” is published.

24. Key West Home

25. 1931 - 1937 • 1931- His third Gregory Hemingway is born. • 1932 September, His first work of non-fiction “Death in the Afternoon” is published. • 1933 October, The short story collection “Winner take Nothing” is published. • 1933- Spends three months in Africa. Gathers material for future writing while of safari. • 1937 October, The novel “To Have and Have Not” is published.

26. 1937 - 1940 • 1937- Travels to Spain to cover the Spanish Civil War. • 1938 October, The short story collection ”The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories”is published. • 1940 June, His highly acclaimed novel “For Whom the Bell Tolls” is published. Selling over 500,000 copies. • 1940 November, Divorces Pauline.

27. Martha Gellhorn 1940 – 1945

28. 1940 - 1945 • 1940 November, Marries Martha Gellhorn. • 1940- Moves to Cuba and takes up residence in their new home Finca Vigia near Havana, Cuba. • 1941- Travels to Asia to cover the Chinese-Japanese war. • 1942- Devises harebrained scheme to hunt down German Submarines in the Atlantic off the coast of Cuba using his boat Pilar. • 1944 Spring, Returns to Europe to cover WW II. • 1944- Spends a month with his friend General Buck Lanham. His time spent here would provide material for his novel “Across the River and into the Trees.” • 1945 December, Divorces Martha.

29. Hemingway’s infamous boat “The Pilar”

30. Finca Vigia

31. Mary Welsh 1946 – 1961

32. 1946 - 1953 • 1946 March, Marries Mary Welsh. • 1947 December, The short story collection “The Essential Hemingway” is published. • 1950 September, “Across the River and into the Trees” is published and is immediately slammed by critics. • 1951 June, His mother Grace dies. • 1952 September, The novel “The old Man and the Sea”is published to critical acclaim as well as being a major commercial success. • 1953- Wins the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the novelette “The Old Man and the Sea”. This would be his first major literary prize.

33. 1953 - 1954 • 1953 June, The short story collection “The Hemingway reader” is published. • 1954- Plans a tour to Spain to watch the bullfights and then onto Africa. • 1954- While in Africa he experiences two separate plane crashes. The second crash nearly kills him with and leaves him with a skull fracture, two discs of his spine were cracked, rupturing his liver, right kidney, and spleen . • 1954 October, He wins the Nobel prize for literature but due to his grievous injuries he is unable to attend.

34. 1959 - 1960 • 1959- Life magazine contracts with him to write a short article about bullfights between Antonio Ordonez and Louis Miguel. • 1960- The article “The Dangerous Game” is published. • 1960- Departs Cuba after the revolution brings Castro to power and moves to Ketchum, Idaho with his wife Mary.

35. Hemingway and Castro

36. Ketchum, Idaho Home

37. 1960 - 1961 • 1960- Flies to Rochester Minnesota and is admitted to Mayo clinic under an assumed name for treatment of his depression. • 1960 November – January 1961, Receives between 11 and 15 shock treatments which failed to help. • 1960 – 1961- Spends the rest of 1960 and the first half of 1961 fighting his depression and paranoia. • 1961 March – June Returns to the Mayo clinic and is released in late June. • 1961- July 2 Hemingway commits suicide.

38. Novels/Novella/Movie • The Sun Also Rises (1926) • The Torrents of Spring (1926) -Novella • A Farewell to Arms (1929) • To Have and Have Not (1937) • For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) • Across the River and Into the Trees (1950) • The Old Man and the Sea (1952)- Novella • Adventures of a Young Man (1962)-Movie • Islands in the Stream (1970) • The Garden of Eden (1986)

39. Nonfiction • Death in the Afternoon (1932) • Green Hills of Africa (1935) • The Dangerous Summer (1960) • A Moveable Feast (1964)

40. Short Story Collections • Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923) • In Our Time (1924)-(1925) • Men Without Women (1927) • Salmagundi (1932) • Winner Take Nothing (1933) • The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938) • The Essential Hemingway (1947) • The Hemingway Reader (1953)

41. Short Story Collections • The Snows of Kilimanjaro and other Stories (1961) • Collected Poems of Ernest Hemingway (1960) • The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War (1969) • The Nick Adams Stories (1972) • The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway (1987) • The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway (1987)

42. Marriages and Children • Hemingway was married four times. • Elizabeth Hadley Richardson 1921 – 1927 • Son John Hemingway 1923 - 2000 • Pauline Pfeiffer 1927 – 1943 • Son Patrick Hemingway 1928 – • Son Gregory Hemingway 1931 - 2001 • Martha Gellhorn 1940 – 1945 • Mary Welsh 1946 - 1961

43. Siblings • Marcelline Hemingway b. Jan. 15, 1898 - d. Dec. 9, 1963 • Ursula Hemingway b. Apr. 29, 1902 - d. Oct. 30, 1966 • Madelaine Hemingway b. Nov. 28, 1904 - d. Jan. 14, 1995 • Carol Hemingway b. July 19, 1911 - d. Oct. 27, 2002 • Ernest Hemingway b. July 21, 1899 - d. July 2, 1961 • Leicester Hemingway b. Apr. 1, 1915 - d. Sept. 13, 1982

44. Website information • Clarke Historical Library • www.Clarke.cmich.edu • Timeless Hemingway • www.timelesshemingway.com • The Hemingway Resource Center • www.lostgeneration.com • Bio. True Story • www.biography.com/ernest-hemingway • Ernest Hemingway Timeline • www.shmoop.com/ernest-hemingway/timeline.html • Internet Book List • www.iblist.com