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WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II. A WORLD IN FLAMES. MAP OF EUROPE. AXIS POWERS ORANGE ALLIED POWERS GREEN. AMERICA AND THE WORLD. ITALY Benito Mussolini -- dictator of Italy Il Duce “The Leader Fascist Militia -- black shirts, loyal to Mussolini and carried out his orders

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WORLD WAR II

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  1. WORLD WAR II A WORLD IN FLAMES

  2. MAP OF EUROPE • AXIS POWERS • ORANGE • ALLIED POWERS • GREEN

  3. AMERICA AND THE WORLD ITALY • Benito Mussolini -- dictator of Italy • Il Duce “The Leader • Fascist Militia -- black shirts, loyal to Mussolini and carried out his orders • Believed that a nation must have a strong leader to maintain order (FACISM) -aggressive nationalism

  4. RUSSIA • Vladimir Lenin -- leader of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia (1917) • 1922 Russia was renamed the USSR -- when this happened they took over more land • Communist Rule -- one party controls the power • 1924 -- Lenin dies and a power struggle for control occurs • 1926 -- Joseph Stalin becomes the new leader

  5. GERMANY • Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party) • 1923 -- March on Munich, Germany • Hitler arrested • Reichstag -- lower house of the German parliament • 1932 -- NAZI’s were the largest group in the Reichstag • 1934 -- Hitler becomes the leader of Germany

  6. JAPAN • Japan felt destined to rule much of East Asia • Manchuria -- part of northern China and very rich in resources • 1931 -- Japan invaded Manchuria to seize resources

  7. ISOLATIONISM • ISOLATIONSIM • REMAININGOUT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS • WHY DID THE U.S. TRY TO PRACTICE THIS AFTER WWI? • 1. COUNTRIES OWED THEM MONEY • 2. FELT BETRAYED AFTER THE WAR BY COMPANIES THAT HAD PROFITED FROM THE WAR • (NYE COMMITTEE)

  8. More Key Events From World War II • Neutrality Act of 1935 -- passed by Congress to make selling arms to warring countries illegal • Spanish Civil War -- rebellion in Spain in 1936 led by Francisco Franco • The rebellion led to an alliance between Hitler and Mussolini ( eventually the AXIS powers with Japan) • Internationalism -- started developing in the U.S. after FDR was elected President (1936) • he believed trade between countries could help with prosperity • 1937 we send aid to help China

  9. HITLER’S RISE TO POWER • Hitler rose very quickly to become one of the most ruthless leaders the world has ever seen.

  10. 1924 -- NAZI PARTY OUTLAWED (HITLER REBUILDS) 1932 -- NAZIS GET 38% OF THE REICHSTAG (GERMAN PARLIAMENT) HITLER GAINS A LOT OF POWER JAN. 1933 -- GERMAN PRES. VON HINDENBURG NAMES HITLER CHANCELLOR WWI -- ROSE TO RANK OF CORPORAL INJURED 1919-- ATTENDED 1ST NAZI MEETING ORGANIZED PRIVATE ARMY OF STORM TROOPERS 1923 -- BEER HALL PUTSCH, NAZIS TRIED TO OVERTROW THE GERMAN GOV. HITLER IS ARRESTED AND WRITES A BOOK IN PRISON “MEIN KAMPF MY STRUGGLE” HITLER TIME LINE

  11. HITLER IS “DE FUHRER” FEB. 4, 1933 --HITLER CONTROLS THE POLICE FEB. 27, 1933 --FIRE DESTROYS THE REICHSTAG (HITLER BLAMES THE COMMUNISTS AND BEGINS TO JAIL AND KILL OPPONENTS) AUG. 1934 -- VON HINDENBURG DIES • HITLER APPOINTS HIMSELF “DE FUHRER” THE LEADER • BEGINS TO RID THE GOVERNMENT OF ANYONE WHO STANDS IN HIS WAY

  12. WHO HELPED HITLER? • Herman Goering - 2nd in command • head of the luftwaffe-- German Air Force • Rudolf Hess - Hitler’s private secretary • Heinrich Himmler - Leader of the SS • Joseph Goebbles - Propaganda

  13. WORLD WAR II BEGINS To avoid war, the allies agreed to give Hitler what he wanted.(APPEASEMENT) • Other reasons for doing this: 1. Reunite German speaking people 2. Believed the NAZIS would stop 3. Avoid WORLD WAR II Land Hitler Invaded before WAR : • AUSTRIA - March 1939 created ANSCHLUSS - unification of Germany and Austria • Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) last democratic Gov. in Europe Czech. Was allied with France and USSR

  14. MUNICH CONFERENCE • Representatives from Britain, France, Italy and Germany met in Munich Germany to decide Czech fate. • Neville Chamberlain - Prime Minister of Britain • Agreed to Hitler’s demands (appeasement) • Hitler was not satisfied, he wants Danzig -- port city in Poland • French and British say We Will Fight • Nazis and USSR sign the NON-AGGRESSION PACT -- agree to split Poland

  15. BLITZKRIEG • September 1, 1939 --Germany invades Poland • Blitzkrieg -- lightning warfare (strike fast) • September 3, 1939 -- WWII begins with France and Britain declaring war on Germany • Poland fell to the Germans in 3 weeks

  16. The Fall of France • Hitler took Norway and Denmark before setting his sights on France • France waited for German attack at the Maginot Line -- Line of concrete bunkers built after WWI ** the line runs along the border of France and Germany

  17. Miracle at Dunkirk • Germans were pushing the allies to the Sea • Dunkirk was the only surviving port in France • Hitler orders his troops to stop advancing for 3 days. This gave the British and French time to evacuate. • Saved 338,000 men • Lost 90,000 rifles, 7,000 tons of ammo & 12,000 vehicles

  18. BRITAIN HOLDS ON • WINSTON CHURCHILL --Prime minister of Britain • Battle of Britain • Air battle in the fall of 1940 • London was accidentally bombed so Churchill bombed Berlin, in response Hitler pounded London • The British Royal Air Force vs. Luftwaffe • RAF had the advantage of radar • Hitler gave up in Oct., 1940

  19. AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR • U.S. MOVES AWAY FROM ISOLATIONISM • NEUTRALITY ACT OF 1939 • --warring nations could buy weapons on a cash and carry basis • DESTROYERS FOR BASES • --U.S. sold old destroyers to Britain in exchange for building bases in UK territory • AMERICA FIRST COMMITTEE • -- wanted the U.S. to remain isolated • -- Charles Lindbergh and Hoover • WENDELL WILKIE Vs. FDR (1940)

  20. CLOSER TO WAR • LEND-LEASE ACT -- U.S. would lend money to Britain • HEMISPHERIC DEFENSE ZONE -- states the west part of Atlantic was neutral • AUG. 1941 --Churchill and FDR meet • What do they decide: • 1. Committed to democracy • 2. Nonaggression and free trade

  21. PROBLEMS IN THE PACIFIC • Japanese Aggression • -- attacking Britain in the Pacific • HOW DOES THE U.S. RESPOND • 1. Used economic pressure • 2. Limited shipments of iron and oil to Japan • 3. Sent Douglas MacArthur to the Pacific

  22. PEARL HARBOR • DECEMBER 7, 1941 -- “A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY” • JAPAN ATTACKS A U.S. NAVAL BASE IN HAWAII • DECEMBER 10, 1941 U.S. DECLARES WAR

  23. PEARL HARBOR • JAPAN SANK 21 SHIPS, DESTROYED 188 AIRPLANES, INJURED 1,178 AND KILLED 2403 AMERICANS

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