Chapter 6 Cell Energy: Photosynthesis & Respiration

1. Chapter 6Cell Energy: Photosynthesis & Respiration Plants go through photosynthesis  our body does the _________- continuous cycle

2. Experiments • Jan Van ______- planted tree- 5 yrs later- no soil mass change- tree grew source was WATER not soil • Joseph ______- candle and plant in glass bell- candle alone did not burn • plant w/______- plant produced O2 needed for candle to burn

3. Requirements for Photosynthesis air- CO2 ________ H2O Products of Photosynthesis- glucose (simple sugars) ________

5. ________ use a source of direct nrg (sunlight) to produce food from _______ molecules heterotroph Cannot produce own source of food obtain nrg from foods eaten- other ________ and autotrophs Photosynthesis & NRG – some terms

6. Structure of Chloroplast ________ thylakoid membrane _______ light reactions- ________ membranes ________ reactions- stroma

7. electron micrograph of plant chloroplast

8. Light Reactions • pigments capture sunlight to “make” nrg • chlorophyll absorbs red-orange-blue-violet-but __________ green • happens in the disk structures called thylakoid membranes • can be summarized in 4 actions…

10. Light Reactions • 1- light is absorbed by pigments- light is passed from pigment to pigment • 2- electron transport- high nrg e- passed along by carriers- converts _______ to NADPH (E storing compound) • 3- ________ production • 4- ATP formation- ADP+P by enzyme in thylakoid membranes

11. Calvin Cycle (_____ __________ ) • “dark” because light does not play a specific role in these reactions- • could happen in light OR dark • uses: ATP and high E __________ • (e- raised to a higher nrg level by absorption of sunlight) • happens in the ________ of chloroplast

12. Calvin Cycle (Dark Reactions ) • 5-C sugar combines w/CO2 to make 2 3-C sugars (enzyme rubisco helps) • the 3-C sugars are converted to PGAL w/nrg in NADPH & ATP (light rxns) • (phosphoglyceraldehyde) makes glucose • Calvin cycle must go around ______ to produce 1 molecule of glucose- why?? • hint- glucose is a 6-C sugar

13. brief pictorial representation of photosynthesis

15. The two reactions together (light and dark)- make the GLUCOSE for plants

17. The opposite reaction (process)…Respiration • Where does nrg come from for animals? • Respiration- 2 types • aerobic respiration- oxygen required • anaerobic respiration- no oxygen required

18. Anaerobic = fermentation • Glucose 2 ethanol + 2 carbon dioxide + 2 ATPs only 2 ATPs (compare that later to # produced by Aerobic) C6H12O62 CH3CH2OH + 2 CO2 + NRG (ethanol) (2 ATP)

19. Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation 2 types of Fermentation

20. takes place in yeast cells & a few other microorganisms- important to bakers and brewers…Why? glucose broken down into: 2-Carbon alcohol CO2 produces “bubbles” in beer, sparkling wine allows bread to rise Alcoholic Fermentation

21. happens in muscle cells hard workouts- no O2 – NRG still needs to be produced- cell changes to anaerobic respiration build-up of lactic acid causes a burning, painful sensation in muscles Lactic Acid Fermentation

22. C6H12O6 +6O26 CO2 + 6 H2O + E (38 ATP) glycolysis and respiration glycolysis- glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid (cytosol) pyruvic acid moves into mitochondria for Kreb’s cycle (citric acid cycle) 38 ATP produced (net)! Aerobic Respiration

23. Aerobic Respiration

24. Electron Transport Chain • This takes place in the inter membrane of the Mitochondrion • This is where most of the ATP is made. • A pair of electrons moving down the chain can Produce enough energy to make 3 ATP