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THE NOTION OF FREEDOM OF (THE MEDIA) IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICY. Andrei Richter, OSCE Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media, Lomonosov Moscow State University Journalism School. Evolvement of notion of freedom of the media concepts. 1 st period (1945-1960s)
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THE NOTION OF FREEDOM OF (THE MEDIA) IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICY Andrei Richter, OSCE Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media, Lomonosov Moscow State University Journalism School
Evolvement of notion of freedom of the media concepts 1st period (1945-1960s) 2nd period (1970 - mid1990s) 3rd period (mid-1990s until now)
the first period Sources: • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) • American Convention on Human Rights (1969) • European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950) Concept: consolidation of freedom of the press, television and radio as an essential tool to ensure freedom of expression and, subsequently, freedom of information
the second period Sources: documents adopted by • Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe • Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe • European Court of Human Rights, • Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Concept: consolidation of the autonomous right to freedom of the media as a foundation of a democratic society
the third period Sources: • Mandate of the OSCE RFOM • Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union • UN Human Rights Council Concept: guaranteeing media pluralism, raising the profile of freedom of the media (former “freedom of the mass media”) in respect to freedom of expression and freedom of information