Medieval Europe A.D. 500- 1300ish

1. Medieval EuropeA.D. 500- 1300ish

2. A: The Coronation of Charlemagne

3. Background on Franks • Germanic people lived along the Rhine River • Loyal to kin, not king • Clovis was first Christian Frankish king

4. Steps to Charlemagne’s Rise to Power • Step 1: Converted Germans to Christianity • Step 2: Prevented Muslims from expanding into Europe • Step 3: Put down a Saxon Revolt

5. Charlemagne’s Accomplishments • Created a large empire divided into self-sufficient manors • Counts kept order • Created learning centers

6. Division of Frankish Empire • Kingdom divided into three parts after Charlemagne’s death • Kingdom was weakened • Frankish kingdom collapses

7. I crown thee holy Roman Emperor! God has made me king! • Barbarians • Germanic people, lived along Rhine R. • Loyal to kin, not king • Clovis converted to Christianity • Heavy • Blue eyes • Tall • Mustache • Created a large empire divided into self-sufficient manors • Counts kept order • Made Aachen a new center of learning • Kingdom divided into 3 parts after Charlemagne’s death • Weakened the empire and caused collapse of Frankish kingdom Brutally put down Saxon revolt Prevented Muslims from expanding into Europe Converted Germans to Christianity thru war

8. B: Norsemen or Vikings Raids

9. Who were the Vikings? • Viking = pirate; a-viking = to go on an overseas adventure • Lifestyle based on the sea • Tribal units ran government • Culture of war, violent, education not important • Worshiped many gods

10. What was their impact on Europe? • People looked for protection from Vikings • People turned to lords of manors • Feudalism was established

11. Where did they raid and why? • Raided northern coastlines & rivers of Europe • Plundered, burned and killed • Excellent explorers, sailors and traders • Europe was weak after Charlemagne’s empire fell apart

12. Wore helmets and armor • Lifestyle based on sea: viking:pirate; a-viking:to go on an oversea adventure, Fierce/ vicious- culture based on war • Greatest weapon = intimidation through long boats and weapons • Government: tribal units controlled by jarl (chief), education not important • Religion: polytheistic; used crop and animal sacrifices • Raided coastlines and rivers of Europe, plundering, burning and killing • Own land not good for farming; good sailors, traders, explorers • Charlemagne’s death brought disorder & left open to viking raids Norway Denmark Who can save us? • People needed protection from the Vikings, so they turned to the lords of manors for protection! • Strengthened feudal system of exchange of loyalty for protection/land.

13. C: Medieval Castles

14. Keep Residences Keep Slits for air and for arrows Workshops Residences Portcullis Drawbridge workshops Drawbridge Moat Dungeon Moat

15. D: Life on a Manor

16. Monarchs • King and Queen lived in castle • Highest authority in kingdom

17. Lords and Nobles • Lived on manors in castle • Landowners and clergy • Oversee the land & collect taxes • Raise army • Take oath of fealty to king

18. Knights and Vassals • Private soldiers – protectors of land • Exchange services for land (fief) • Began training at age 7 • Followed Code of Chivalry

19. Peasants and Serfs • Freeman – could leave manor & paid lord for use of land • Serf – bound/tied to land • Worked the land in exchange for protection

20. 1 2 Peasant huts • King/ Queen • Highest Authority • Landowners & Clergy • Oversee the land, collect taxes, raise army • Oath of fealty to king West Field East Field Manor house Lord’s hunting grounds Pasture Meadow Village green workshops 3 4 Church • Soldiers -protectors of the land • Exchange services for fief • Trained from age 7 • Followed Code of Chivalry South Field • Freeman-could leave manor. • Serfs-tied to the land • Prisoners of the manor • Worked the land in exchange for protection Priest’s house Garden

21. E: William the Conqueror & Norman Invasion

22. Bayeux Tapestry

23. King of England, Edward the Confessor, dies in 1066 King promised thrown to his cousin Duke William of Normandy Harold Hardrada from Norway also had claims to English throne England assembly chose Harold Godwinsson as successor (Edward’s Brother-in-Law

24. 1. Death of Edward the Confessor • King Edward of England dies without any children • Edward promised throne to his cousin, Duke William of Normandy

25. 2. Harold Godwinsson’s Claim • Harold Godwinsson was King Edward’s brother-in-law • English assembly selected Harold to replace King Edward • Taking throne, Harold breaks promise to support Duke William of Normandy

26. 3. Harold Hardrada’s Claim • King Harold Hardrada of Norway • Harold H. wanted English throne • Harold H. love for fighting urges him to invade England

27. 4. Battle of Stamford, September 1066 • Harold Godwinsson’s army defeated Hardrada’s army at Stamford Bridge on northeast coast of England • Harold Hardrada is killed by an arrow in the throat • Duke William’s army sails for England 2 days later

28. 5. Battle of Hastings, Oct. 1066 • Harold Godwinsson’s army had to travel 250 miles south to meet Duke William’s army • Harold army used 2-handed axes • William’s army used long-bows • Harold is killed by an arrow shot into his eye

29. 6. Importance of Battle of Hastings • Duke William’s becomes King of England • William is given the name “William the Conqueror” • Feudalism is introduced to England • English King power increases • Norman (French) influence English language and culture

30. Normans vs. Saxons The English nobles choose Edward’s brother-in-law, Harold G., to replace Edward as king. -Edward the king dies without a child. -Edward promises the throne to cousin William, Duke of Normandy • Harold G. of England fights Harold H. of Norway at Stamford Bridge • Harold of Norway is killed with arrow in throat King Harold of Norway also wants the English throne Love of fighting urges him to invade England Hastings • Harold is forced to march his army 200 mi.south to Hastings to meet William. • Harold’s army uses, two-handled ax; William’s uses long-bow. • Harold is killed by one of William’s knights (hit in the eye) • William becomes King of England- “William the Conqueror” • Started feudalism in England • Increased power of English king • Norman (French) to influence English language and culture.

31. F: King John & the Magna Carta

32. 1. King John’s Personality • Cruel King (same King as in Robin Hood) • Unpopular – given cruel nickname • “Lackland”- owned no land • “Soft-Sword”- unskilled at using a sword • Became king after older brother King Richard was killed in battle

33. 2. King John, you have angered us: • Nobles angered about abuse of power • King John: • Raised taxes and prices on goods • Ordered nobles to build castles for him • Used taxes to pay for war against France • Fought with Pope and was excommunicated from Church

34. 3. Magna Carta • Nobles and Church officials confronted John with a document listing their demands • Called Magna Carta= Great Charter • Gave rights to nobles and lords • Takes ultimate authority away from king • Steps towards democracy • Trial by jury – can not imprison free men • Nobles must approve changes in taxing

35. 4. King John’s Thoughts • “If I sign this document… I will be giving rights to the nobles and English people!

36. The “Great Charter” • Raising taxes, raising prices • Order us to build palaces • Warring with France & losing • Demanding money • Fighting with the Pope If I sign this document, I will be giving rights to the nobles and English people! • Gives rights to lords and nobles • Step towards democracy • Jury trial • Permission to tax from nobles • Cruel (the king from the Robin Hood legends) • Unpopular (called “Lackland” & “Softsword” • Became King at Brother Richard’s death in Battle.