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Big Idea #2: Cellular Processes and Communication

Big Idea #2: Cellular Processes and Communication. Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Questions to ponder…. What is human body temperature in Celsius?

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Big Idea #2: Cellular Processes and Communication

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  1. Big Idea #2:Cellular Processes and Communication Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.

  2. Questions to ponder… • What is human body temperature in Celsius? • Is there an average body temperature for animals? • How does the body use feedback order to maintain a constant body temperature? • Can we connect properties of water to thermoregulation?

  3. What is the optimal temperature range? • Mammals 36-38 C ; Birds 39-42 C • Amphibians & Reptiles: varies greatly • Fish: within 1-2 C of surrounding water • Invertebrates: Thermoconformers with some exceptions

  4. Define High specific heat? Apply Air vs. water temp? Connect to marine vs. land animals? Role in daily and seasonal change? Animal adaptations? Role of Water Properties

  5. Ectotherms • Heat transfer occurs easily • Metabolic rate has little effect on body temperature • Invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles

  6. Endotherms • Body warmer than the environment • Due to high metabolic rate • Birds, mammals, bees and moths

  7. Why aren’t they called cold blooded or warm-blooded?

  8. Endotherms Can perform vigorous activity for long periods of time. Can tolerate winter and hot environments Ectotherms: Cost of food Human: Metabolic resting rate of 1300 kcal/day Alligator: Metabolic resting rate of 60 kcal/day Who has an advantage?

  9. Human Thermoregulation

  10. Evaporative Cooling • Panting, Sweating, Bathing • Water absorbs heat when it evaporates which has a cooling effect. • Summer topor: low metabolism due to high temperatures • Daily topor: animals go inactive when temperature isn’t ideal

  11. Vasodilation/Vasoconstriction • Vasodilation: increase in the diameter of superficial blood vessels (cools) • Vasoconstriction: decrease in the diameter of blood vessels (warms)

  12. Movement, shivering increase muscle contraction. Heat is a waste product of metabolism NST (nonshivering thermogenesis) Brown Fat: tissue specialized for using mitochondria for heat production instead of ATP Metabolic Change

  13. Can you connect the symptoms of Grave’s to thermoregulation? What other forms of feedback are affected by this disease? Homeostasis and Grave’s disease

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